Electronic Library of Scientific Literature - © Academic Electronic Press
Volume 47 / 2003 / number 3
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Articles
M. Bystrická, Z. Kriková, M. Kŕčová, K. Koncová, E. Kováčová, A. Vaculíková, D. Staneková, G. Russ: Sexually transmitted infections among prostitutes in bratislava, slovakia
Indervesh, A.K Tiwari, R.S Kataria, K.N. Viswas, M.V. Bais, V.V.S. Suryanarayana: Isolates of infectious bursal disease virus from india are of very virulent phenotype
J. Lara-Reyna, M.C. Del Rincón-Castro, J.E. Ibarra: Synergism between the nucleopolyhedroviruses of autographa californica and trichoplusia ni
Letter-to-the Editor
P. Komínek, P. Svoboda, N. ABOu Ghanem-Sabanadzovic: Improved detection of arabis mosaic virus in grapevine and hop plants
P. RAMADASS1, V. THIAGARAJAN1*, M. PARTHIBAN1, T.M.A. SENTHIL KUMAR1, D. LATHA1, S. ANBALAGAN1, M. KRISHNAKUMAR1, K. NACHIMUTHU2
1Department of Animal Biotechnology, 2Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai 600 007, India
Received February 14, 2003; accepted June 30, 2003
Summary. – Prevalence of
infectious bursal disease (IBD) among chickens in different parts of
Tamil Nadu, India, has been studied by collection of bursal samples from
suspected flocks and by performing reverse transcription–polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) for amplification of a specific product of
474 bp from the variable region of the VP2 gene. Among 53 bursal samples
examined by RT-PCR, 40 showed a positive reaction. The amplified
products were subjected to nucleotide sequencing and the obtained
sequences were compared with those of IBD virus (IBDV) vaccine strain
Georgia, the classical virulent strain 52/70 and the very virulent
Japanese OKYM strain. Nucleotide homology data indicated that all the
Tamil Nadu isolates showed homology ranging from 91 to 99.6% among
themselves. When compared with the very virulent Japanese OKYM strain,
four isolates grouped with that strain. Majority of the isolates
clustered with the very the virulent OKYM strain as evident from
phylogenetic analysis performed using the MEGA program. Comparison of
the deduced amino acid sequences of IBDV isolates with those of the
vaccine strain Georgia, the classical virulent strain 52/70 and the very
virulent strain OKYM also revealed the presence of conserved serine-rich
heptapeptide sequence in most of the isolates. Results of this study
indicate that majority of the IBDV isolates are very virulent, which is
evident from heavy mortality that has been reported in few flocks of
poultry in spite of regular vaccination.
Key words: Infectious bursal disease virus; sequence and
phylogenetic analysis; Tamil Nadu
Acta virologica 47: 131– 135, 2003
N. CANDIA1, G.I. PARRA1*, M. CHIRICO2, G. VELÁZQUEZ2, N. FARINA1, F. LASPINA1, J. SHIN1, M.J. DE SIERRA3, G. RUSSOMANDO1, J. ARBIZA3
1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay; 2Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción, Paraguay; 3Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
Received January 13, 2003; accepted July 8, 2003
Summary. – Group A rotavirus
infections were detected in 93 of 410 fecal samples from children with
acute diarrhea, admitted in three main hospitals of Asunción, Paraguay,
from August 1998 to August 2000. Most of the rotavirus-infected patients
were admitted during the winter season in the three epidemic years. The
rotavirus infection rate was highest in infants from 6 to 23 months
of age. In the 93 samples examined, 10 different rotavirus
electropherotypes were recognized, but two of them largely predominated.
Only one sample showed a short electropherotype pattern, thus
indicating a minor involvement of the rotavirus subgroup I in
rotaviral acute diarrhea in the area and the time during which the
survey was carried out.
Key words: group A rotavirus; electropherotypes; infantile
diarrhea
Acta virologica 47: 137 – 140, 2003
A.K. GUPTA, V.J. LAD, A.A. KOSHY
National Institute of Virology (NIV), Indian Council of Medical Research, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, P.O.B. No. 11, Pune 411001, India
Received February 12, 2003; accepted July 30, 2003
Summary. – Neutralizing monoclonal
antibodies (MAbs) to glycoprotein E (gpE) of Japanese encephalitis (JE)
virus given intraperitoneally (i.p.) (0.1 ml of immune ascitic fluid
(AF) diluted 1:10 per mouse) to about 4-week-old Swiss mice 1 day prior
or 2 days after the virus challenge (100 LD50 of JE virus administered
intracerebrally (i.c.)) resulted in a decreased mortality along with an
increased survival of the animals as demonstrated by the HAI-positive
virus-specific (Hs) MAbs. The protective effect produced by four Hs MAbs
was maximum when given 1 day prior the virus challenge, while other,
namely HAI-positive flavivirus cross-reactive (Hx) and HAI-negative
virus-specific (NHs) MAbs did not produce any effect. Interestingly, one
of the two NHs MAbs, namely NHs-1 showed a reduced survival of mice
given the MAb 2 days after the virus challenge. Administration of
combinations of two or more Hs MAbs may be recommended due to their
possible enhanced protection against JE virus infections in mice.
Key words: Japanese encephalitis virus; monoclonal
antibodies; protection; Swiss mice
Acta virologica 47: 141 – 145, 2003
J.K. Kundu
Department of Virology, Research Institute of Crop Production, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
Received June 13, 2003; accepted August 19, 2003
Summary. – A rapid and effective
RNA release procedure (RNA-RP) for detection of the Apple stem pitting
virus (ASPV) and the Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) in woody plants by
reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was
developed. RNA-RP released RNA into crude homogenate. RNA-RP was
compared with classical phenol/chlorophorm extraction of RNA. The RT-PCR
detection of ASPV and ASGV was shown to be similar by both the RNA
preparation procedures. RNA-RP in contrast to the classical
phenol/chloroform procedure represents a reliable and easy-to hand
protocol convenient for routine virus detection. Leaf tissues,
especially dormant bud leaves and leaves during blossom, were shown to
be the most optimal material for detection of these viruses,
irrespective of the used RNA preparation procedure.
Key words: ASPV; ASGV; RT-PCR
Acta virologica 47: 147 – 151, 2003
J.K. KUNDU1, J. STARÁ1, F. KOCOUREK1, O. PULTAR2
1 Research Institute of Crop Production, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, 161 06, Czech Republic; 2ZD Chelčice, Libějovice, Czech Republic
Received May 26, 2003; accepted August 25, 2003
Summary. – The polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) assay was successfully used to identify Cydia pomonella
granulovirus (CpGV) in larvae of Cydia pomonella L. (codling moth). PCR
with the primers CpGV-2A/CpGV-2B and CpGV-3A/CpGV-3B was found suitable
for detection of CpGV. The primers Cp-I/Cp-II and Cp-III/Cp-IV were able
to identify the transposable element TCp3.2 in C. pomonella larvae. The
presence of CpGV in the larvae from orchards,which had been infected
with CpGV was tested during 2 years post infection. (p.i.). CpGV
was found in as many as 15% of the surviving larvae 1 year p.i. in
one location. The virus was not detected in CpGV-infected orchards 2 years
p.i. or in natural C. pomonella populations. This result suggests a poor
persistence of CpGV in surviving C. pomonella individuals and its slow
spread in a natural host population. One the other hand, the
presence of a transposable element, transposon TCp3.2 may correlate
with virus redistribution in this insect population.
Key words: Cydia pomonella; codling moth; Cydia pomonella
granulovirus; PCR; transposon
Acta virologica 47: 153 – 157, 2003
V. ĎURMANOVÁ, J. RAJČÁNI*
Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
Received April 24, 2003; accepted August 19, 2003
Summary. – We followed the
kinetics of reactivation of latent Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
infection established in rabbits by corneal route. The corresponding
trigeminal ganglia (TG) were cultured and the culture medium was
examined at daily intervals for release of infectious virus. Sections
from the cultured TG fragments were stained with antisera against
non-structural proteins such as the immediate early (IE) protein ICP27
and the early (E) proteins thymidine kinase (TK), the large subunit of
ribonucleotide reductase (RR1), the ori-binding protein OBP and with a human
serum obtained from volunteers immunized with an experimental subunit
HSV-1 envelope (env) vaccine containing late structural proteins gB1,
gC1, gD1 and gG1 (env antiserum). By indirect immunofluorescence (IF)
test, ICP27 was detected in a few neurons from day 1 post
explantation (p.e.), while TK was observed in neurons from day 2 p.e.
Fluorescence with the human env antiserum was seen at day 3 p.e.
The RR1 and OBP antisera stained productively infected Vero cells from 3 and
4 hrs post inoculation (p.i.), respectively. However, these sera
showed no IF in cultured ganglion fragments at any interval examined.
Our results showed the same cascade of HSV-1 IE and E protein
expression during productive infection and reactivation in vitro.
Key words: HSV-1; ICP27; thymidine kinase; reactivation;
latency; immunofluorescence; explantation technique
Acta virologica 47: 159 – 165, 2003
M. Bystrická1, Z. Kriková1, M. Kŕčová1, K. Koncová2, E. Kováčová1, A. Vaculíková3, D. Staneková2, G. Russ1
1 Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; 2 Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 3 Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Received July 24, 2003; accepted September 2, 2003
Summary. – Sera from 18
prostitutes from Bratislava were examined for the presence of antibodies
to several sexually transmitted pathogens, namely Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2),
Human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2),
Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV), Chlamydia
trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum. Results of this screening indicated
that 11 prostitutes (61%) carried 1 or more sexually transmitted
infections. The most prevalent antibodies were directed against HSV-2 (9
cases, i.e. 50%), which represents the most common sexually transmitted
infection agent.
Key words: Herpes simplex virus 2; Human immunodeficiency
viruses 1 and 2; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus;
Chlamydia trachomatis; Treponema pallidum; prostitutes; antibodies
Acta virologica 47: 167 – 172, 2003
Indervesh, A.K Tiwari*, R.S Kataria, K.N. Viswas, M.V. Bais, V.V.S. Suryanarayana
National Biotechnology Centre, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
Received May 27, 2003; accepted September 3, 2003
Summary. – Four Indian field
isolates, a classical virulent and an attenuated vaccine strains of
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) have been characterized by
sequence analysis of part of the VP1 gene (from nucleotide 1538–1979)
comprising one of viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase motifs. Sequence
alignment of these viruses with reported viruses of other countries
revealed Indian IBDV field isolates to be 100% similar to very virulent
Japanese (OKYM), European (UK661) and Bangladesh (BD3/99) IBD viruses at
amino acid level, whereas they had 0.2–0.9% divergence at nucleotide
level. Out of the total 24 nucleotide changes found in the Indian field
isolates, as well as reported very virulent viruses, only one resulted
in amino acid change S-P at 562 position. The Indian field isolates
displayed nucleotide divergence of 10.6–11.6% and amino acid
divergence of 2.8–3.5% from the classical virulent and attenuated
vaccine strains. The RNA dependent RNA polymerase motif from amino acid
528–541, present in the sequence analyzed, was conserved among all the
viruses, irrespective of pathotype and serotype. In the phylogenetic
tree, based on nucleotide sequence, Indian field viruses were grouped
with reported very virulent viruses in one lineage whereas, classical
virulent, attenuated vaccine and serotype 2 strains formed part of
the second lineage. But in the phylogenetic tree based on amino acid
sequence alignment, the serotype 2 strain OH grouped with Indian
field isolates and reported very virulent viruses in one lineage and
classical virulent and attenuated vaccine strains formed the second
lineage.
Key words: Infectious bursal disease virus; VP1 gene;
nucleotide sequence
Acta virologica 47: 173 – 177, 2003
N.S. KUMAR1, J.M. KATARIA1*, M. KOTI1, K. DHAMA1, R. TOROGHI2
1 Division of Avian Diseases, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India; 2 Department of Research and Diagnosis of Poultry, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Teheran, Iran
Received May 2, 2003; accepted September 9, 2003
Summary. – Polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the detection of Egg drop
syndrome 1976 (EDS-76) virus in tissues, namely in the uterus, spleen
and buffy coat. It was also used to study the persistence of the virus
in tissues of experimentally infected layer birds. The PCR assay could
detect as little as 10 fg of purified EDS-76 viral DNA. It also
amplified the DNA of Fowl adenovirus serotypes 4 (FAV-4) and 8 (FAV-8).
The virus persisted in the uterus up to day 21 post infection (p.i.).
Detection of EDS-76 viral DNA in the buffy coat could be useful for
studying the occurrence of the respective disease in layer bird flocks.
Key words: egg drop syndrome; Egg drop syndrome 1976 virus;
polymerase chain reaction; diagnosis; buffy coat; persistence
Acta virologica 47: 179 – 184, 2003
A.V. JAMGAONKAR, P.N. YERGOLKAR, G. GEEVARGHESE*, G.D. JOSHI, M.V. JOSHI, A.C. MISHRA
National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, 20-A, Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
Received May 22, 2003; accepted September 9, 2003
Summary. – In a serological
survey of birds in a Japanese encephalitis (JE) endemic area of
Kolar District, Karnataka State, India, 859 bird sera were tested by
hemagglutination-inhibition test (HIT) for JE encephalitis and West Nile
encephalitis (WNE) viruses. Only 2 (0.002%) and 178 (20.72%) sera
were positive for JE virus (JEV) and WNE virus (WNV), respectively. Only
160 (18.63%) of 859 sera could be subjected to neutralizing test (NT).
Of these, 20 (12.50%) and 62 (38.75%) were positive for JEV and WNV
antibodies, respectively. These findings indicate that bird species such
as Pond Herons and Little Egrets among ardeid birds and Grey Partridges
and Quails among terrestrial birds are infected with JEV and WNV and
play probably a role in the maintenance of these viruses in the
abovementioned part of India.
Key words: ardeid birds; terrestrial wild birds; West Nile
virus; Japanese encephalitis virus; hemaglutination-inhibition
antibodies; hemagglutination-inhibition test; neutralizing antibodies;
neutralizing test
Acta virologica 47: 185 – 188, 2003
J. Lara-Reyna1, M.C. Del Rincón-Castro2, J.E. Ibarra2*
1 Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, km. 35.5 Carr. México-Texcoco, 56230-Texcoco, Edo. de México; 2 CINVESTAV IPN, Apdo. Postal 629, 36500 Irapuato, Gto. Mexico
Received May 25, 2003; accepted September 11, 2003
Summary. – Previous observations
on high virulence of Autographa californica multiple
nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Trichoplusia ni single
nucleopolyhedrovirus (TnSNPV) acting together led us to test possible
synergism between these two nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) on cabbage
looper larvae. Because synergism between AcMNPV and the Trichoplusia ni
granulovirus (TnGV) has been well established before, these two viruses
were included in this study as a positive control. Each virus was
assayed separately on first-instar cabbage looper and their LC50s were
estimated at 2.33, 0.39 and 462 OB/mm2 diet for AcMNPV, TnSNPV and TnGV,
respectively. LC50s of AcMNPV mixed with sub-lethal concentrations of
TnSNPV and TnGV increased 8 and 10.7 times, respectively. Synergism
between the viruses was analyzed by the ANOVA test for the LC50s, the
Plackett and Hewlett's joint-action rate test, and the Tammes-Bakuniak
graphic method. All three analyses corroborated the synergism between
the viruses. The presence of a putative enhancin in the TnSNPV was
analyzed by Southern blot hybridization, using a 1.5 kbp KpnI
fragment from the TnGV vef gene as a probe. No hybridization was
observed. The occurrence of a new putative synergistic factor in
TnSNPV is discussed.
Key words: synergism; Trichoplusia ni single
nucleopolyhedrovirus; Autographa californica multiple
nucleopolyhedrovirus; joint-action ratio; ANOVA test; Tammes-Bakuniak
graphic method; viral enhancin
Acta virologica 47: 189 – 194, 2003
M. MATÚŠKOVÁ1, N. CSÓKOVÁ1, P. FILIPČÍK1, E. HANUŠOVSKÁ1, J. BÍREŠ2, R. CABADAJ3, P. KONTSEK1, M. NOVÁK1*
1 Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences and National Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalitis, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; 2 State Veterinary and Food Administration, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; 3 University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic
Received June 16, 2003; accepted September 4, 2003
Summary. – The first confirmed
evidence of scrapie in Slovakia was demonstrated in one sheep of the
autochthonous Merino breed from the southeastern part of the country.
The reported scrapie was diagnosed during compulsory transmissible
spongiform encephalitis (TSE) screening of sheep over 9 months of
age assigned for consumption. The positive ewe was 5-year-old, which did
not show any clinical signs of scrapie. The presence of the
proteinase-resistant prion protein (PrP) in brain was proved
independently by two laboratories using two different immunochemical
screening systems, namely the Prionics Check (Western blot analysis) and
Enfer TSE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the
genotyping analysis of PrP gene demonstrated the presence of PrP
genotype from the high risk group R4. The affected sheep was homozygous
for the allele PrPARQ (ARQ/ARQ) coding for alanine (A), arginine (R) and
glutamine (Q) at three most relevant codons (136, 154 and 171,
respectively. The healthy sister of the positive ewe was heterozygous in
the PrP locus and carried alleles ARQ/ARR.
Key words: scrapie; prion; PrP gene; polymorphism; Slovakia
Acta virologica 47: 195 – 198, 2003
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