STUDY OF SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS
DURING OPEN-HEART SURGERY.
I. MONITORING OF ENERGETIC METABOLISM
PECHAN, I., HALCAK, L., RENDEKOVA, V., BARTA, E., CORNAK, V.,
ZAHOREC, R., VERCHOVODKO, P.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 7,
Levels of lactate, inorganic phosphate and uric acid in arterial,
mixed venous and coronary sinus blood were studied in patients
during open-heart surgery. It was found that the determination of
mentioned biochemical parameters can provide information
regarding the energetic metabolism status of the whole organisme,
but selectively, also of the patient's myocardium. The results of
biochemical analyses demonstrate a significant loading of the
organism manifested by metabolic alterations, especially after
long-term cardiopulmonary bypass. The study of mentioned
biochemical parameters can be employed for investigation of
a more efficient protection of myocardium against
ischemia-reperfusion injury. (Fig. 6, Ref. 18.)
Key words: open-heart surgery; blood lactate; blood inorganic
phosphate; blood uric acid; short and long cardiopulmonary
bypass; ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Ustav kardiovaskularnych chorob v Bratislave, Ustav lekarskej
chemie, biochemie a klinickej biochemie LFUK v Bratislave
a Katedra klinickej biochemie IVZ v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Ivan Pechan, DrSc.,
UKVCH, Partizanska 2, 813 26 Bratislava, Slovakia.

DETERMINATION OF GALACTOSE ELIMINATION CAPACITY AFTER INTRAVENOUS
ADMINISTRATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES
KUPCOVA, V., TURECKY, L., BRIXOVA, E.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 7,
The authors describe a simple method of examination of galactose
elimination capacity after intravenous administration of a twenty
per cent solution in the total dose of 0,5 g galactose/kg body
weight. After enzymatic determination of galactose concentration
in six samples of venous blood (taken within 25, 30, 35, 40, 45
and 50 minutes after finishing the galactose infusion) the
elimination curve of galactose and the intersection point with
the time axis (t) is assessed and the galactose elimination
capacity is calculated. In patients with liver steatosis and
steatofibrosis, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis the mean
values of galactose elimination capacity were significantly lower
in comparison with healthy volunteers. The method is sufficiently
reliable, precise and quickly performable. It is suitable for
evaluation and monitoring of the functional liver capacity,
severity and progression rate of liver diseases. (Tab. 1, Fig.
2, Ref. 28.)
Key words: galactose elimination capacity; steatosis; chronic
hepatitis; liver cirrhosis; quantitative liver function test.
III. interna klinika LFUK v Bratislave a Ustav lekarskej chemie,
biochemie a klinickej biochemie LFUK v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Viera Kupcova, CSc., III.
interna klinika LFUK, Limbova 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.


THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIPID METABOLISM. CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF
FATTY ACIDS IN SERUM DURING POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS IN THE RAT
SAMEL, M., PULLMANN, R.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 7,
In young rats of 5 different age groups the spectrum (per cent)
of 6 FFA was determined. The results show, that palmitic acid
(C16:0) represents the main FFA in all age groups; at the end of
the first week forms nearly 50 per cent. In adult animals
(8-week-old) values decreased to 26 per cent. Similarly, the
miristic acid (C14:0) was found highest in suckling animals (10
per cent) and decreased with age. The ratio of saturated to
unsaturated FA (S/U) decreased with age. To other animals of 7
different age groups the concentration of total and of individual
FFA was investigated. The results were expressed in nmol.l-1.
Results showed, that the total concentration of FFA during the
first postnatal month is nearly 2-times higher than in adults.
The ratio of S/U FFA decreased from 1.81 to 0.85. The
concentrations of individual FFA showed different age-dependent
trend. Myristic and stearic acids (C14:0 and 18:0) increased with
age till the 4th week. The concentrations of palmitic,oleic and
linoleic acids were high during the first 3 weeks of age and
decreased after weaning. The concentration of palmit-oleic acid
(C16:1) was lowest in all age groups as well as that of palmitic
(C 16:0) was always the highest. These results show, that changes
in concentration of individual FFA with age are not dependent
only on the intake of the milk. (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 8.)
Key word: fatty acids; ontogenesis; rat.
Ustav lekarskej biologie LFUK v Martine a Oddelenie klinickej
biochemie Martinskej fakultnej nemocnice v Martine
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Milan Samel, DrSc., LFUK,
Muzealna 6,
037 54 Martin, Slovakia.

GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) AND GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE
(GAD)
TURSKY, T.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 7,
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the CNS, taking part in processes which are
now relatively well understood but also in processes where no
remarkable progress has been achieved. The most throughly studied
field of GABA operation is its role of inhibitory
neurotransmitter realized through the mediation of GABA-A and
GABA-B receptors. There are at least 40 per cent of synaptic
inhibitory events in the CNS in which the neurotransmitter action
of GABA is involved. The action of GABA on GABA-A receptor, a Cl-
channel, is influenced by benzodiazepines, barbiturates and other
substances, suggesting that some neurological and psychiatric
diseases are connected with the function of GABA-A receptor. In
addition to synaptic inhibition, GABA has several metabolic
regulatory functions. GABA is produced not only in neurons but
also in beta cells of the pancreas and in tubular cells of the
kidney cortex. Its role in these parenchymatous cells is not
sufficiently understood. Similarly as GABA, glutamic acid
decarboxylase (GAD), an enzyme catalysing GABA formation from
glutamate, has also been intensively studied. GAD structure, its
function in various parts of the CNS and in some parenchymatous
cells, and the regulation of GAD activity are still in the focus
of interest. Recently GAD has been demonstrated to act as
autoantigen in the rare neurological disease "stiff man syndrome"
(SMS) and in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In the
presented paper a short review of GABA functions, GAD properties
and of the antigenic feature of GAD are given. (Fig. 7, Ref. 41.)
Key words: GABA function; GABA-A receptor; GABA-B receptor; GAD
properties; GAD autoantigen.
Ustav lekarskej chemie, biochemie a klinickej biochemie
v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Timotej Tursky, CSc.,
Ustav lekarskej chemie, biochemie a klinickej biochemie,
Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.


LEVELS OF SELECTED ELEMENTS (Fe, As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn) IN
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES FROM FERROCHROMIUM WORKERS
BUCHANCOVA, J., VRLIK, M., KNIZKOVA, M., MESKO, D., HOLKO, L.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 7,
A long-term exposure to metals poses the question of whether the
impaired health condition is caused exclusively by the
guantitatively dominant exposure metal. In 67 workers exposed to
ferrochromium alloys on average 12.5½1.09 years (x½SE), the
subgroups of ferrochromium workers and operators of dust removing
equipments, average Cr values in urine were 0.233½0.032 Ýmol.l-1
(x½SE). In the control group (K) the average Cr values were
0.034½0.004 Ýmol.l-1 of urine (x½SE).
The levels of plasmatic Fe were assessed photometrically; the
levels of Fe, As, Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn in hair, urine and blood were
assessed by atom-absorption spectrophotometry (Varian). The
results were compared with the control group not significantly
different in age (t-test). All the values were correlated with
age, years of exposure and the number of cigarettes smoked during
life. The values of the single selected metals in furnace workers
and operators of dust removing devices were not higher than the
limits set for the groups of workers exposed to metals. But
compared to the original biological background, there was
observed a significant Cd increase (hair, blood, urine) year by
year. Average values of As, Pb, Fe, and Mn in hair of the exposed
workers were also higher compared to the group K. As and Mn
values in hair were increasing up with the years of exposure
(r=0.465, p<<0.05; r=0.580, p<<0.001).
No expected higher values of plasmtic Fe were found. Zn values in
hair were falling down with the years of exposure as well as with
age, in all groups including the group K. The authors discuss the
possible causes of the quantitative changes in the selected
metals in connection with professional exposure and
non-professional effects (especially smoking). Higher cancer
incidence of the organs affected has not been observed so far in
the study plant. (Tab. 2, Fig. 8, Ref. 41.)
Key words: concentration of metals-hair; blood; urine; foundry
workers; operators of dust-removing equipments; control group;
correlation to exposure; age; smoking; delayed effects;
carcinogens; Slovakia.
Klinika pracovneho lekarstva Martinskej fakultnej nemocnice
a Jeseniovej Lekarskej fakulty Univerzity Komenskeho v Martine
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Jana Buchancova, CSc.,
Klinika pracovneho lekarstva MFN a JLF UK, Kollarova 2, 036 59
Martin, Slovakia.


RESULTS OF RADIONUCLIDE VENTRICULOGRAPHY IN CORRELATION WITH
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND ANGIOGRAPHY
BROUSIL, J., BELOHLAVEK, O., FOLTYNOVA, V., BELOHLAVEK, M.,
SKRIVANEK, J., KECLIK, R.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 7,
In a group of 24 patients with coronary artery diseases,
correlations of left ventricle end-diastolic volume (EDV),
end-systolic volume (ESV), systolic volume (SV), and ejection
fraction (EF) measurement results were assessed. Compared results
were obtained with radiological angiography (RTG),
echocardiography (USG), and radionuclide ventriculography (RNVG).
In RNVG, the left ventricle volume was calculated using
a geometrical method (GEO), a sample method with measurement of
left ventricle position depth from a scintigraphic image (VZ1),
and a sample method with assessment of left ventricle position
depth from body height and body weight (VZ2). Interpersonal
variability of RNVG evaluation was assessed simultaneously.
Compared with RTG, the best correlation of EDV measurement was
attained with GEO (r=0.83) and VZ2 (r=0.82). These methods
correlate best also in ESV measurement (r=0.91). The best
correlation of EF values was obtained with USG, while r=0.85 when
using GEO and VZ2. A very low correlation was found in SV
(r values from 0.39 to 0.50). The sudied methods usually
overestimate low values and underestimate higher values. To the
EF value of 50 per cent corresponds in USG the value 48 per cent,
in GEO and VZ2 the value 42 per cent. The values of EDV, ESV, and
SV obtained with USG and RNVG correlate well with RTG, while the
values of SV are, due to a low correlation, practically useless.
Interpersonal variability of RNVG methods evaluation is minimal.
(Tab. 6, Ref. 30.)
Key words: echocardiography; correlation; radionuclide
ventriculography; radiological ventriculography.
Ustavy biofyziky a nuklearni mediciny a II. interni klinika l.
lekarske fakulty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Valeria Foltynova, CSc., Ustav
biofyziky l. lekarske fakulty UK, Salmovska 3, l20 00 Praha 2,
Ceska republika.


INTESTINAL PARASITES IN STUDENTS OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DISTRICT
MARTIN
SKRACIKOVA, J.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 7,
The authors report on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in
1763 students of selected secondary schools in District Martin
from 1988 to 1990 as continuation of parasitologic surveillance
of pre-school children collectives and of elementary school
pupils. The situation in occurence of geohelminthiasis in the
investigated group of students is considered to be very favorable
and could reflect, in some degree, the parasitologic surveillance
and treatment of positive cases in the seventies.
The prevalence of intestinal protozoa, especially Giardia
intestinalis, is in examined students only a little lower as the
values given by our authors for population of children. This
indicates a shift of epidemiologic importance from
geohelminthiases towards the protozoal infections. (Tab. 5, Ref.
18.)
Key words: intestinal helminths; intestinal protozoa; prevalence.
Katedra infektologie a epidemiologie LFUK v Martine
Address for correspondence: RNDr. Jela Skracikova, CSc.,
Oddelenie epidemiologie LFUK, Sklabinska 26, 037 53 Martin,
Slovakia.

THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
MURIN, J., KASPER Jr., J., BULAS, J., UHLIAR, R.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 8,
In the period of two years the authors treated at the coronary
unit 146 patients inflicted by the acute myocardial infarction
(AMI). In 15 of them (13 men, 2 women, 13 times Q and twice
non-Q, 5 times anterior, 10 times inferior) they performed
intravenous thrombolytic treatment by use of streptokinase.
The success rate of the thrombolytic therapy was evaluated by
noninvasive markers: 1.) rapid withdrawal of stenocardia, 2.)
rapid (in 6 hours) and essential improvement of ST segment
elevation and 3.) presence of reperfusion arrhythmias (in 6
hours).
The authors detected insufficient medicinal conciousness among
their health district population as regard to their response
after the AMI origin (absolute majority of patients delayed their
arrival). Minor complications due to therapy (allergy and minor
local hemorrhage) occurred in 4 patients. Nobody died. Only those
cases were considered as being successful, in which all three
success rate markers were present. This condition was fulfilled
in 8 patients (i.e. in 53 % of cases) and with minor
insufficiencies in further two patients (which would increase the
percentage of the success rate to 67 %). This success rate of the
complex thrombolytic therapy ranges within the limits given by
literature. In patients the authors evaluated the behaviour of
the left ventricular asynergia (its extent and index) prior to
and following the thrombolytic therapy and this examination they
consider to be appropriate for observance of the thrombolytic
therapy success rate in patients with AMI. (Tab. 3, Ref. 20.)
Key words: acute myocardial infarction; time-delay; trombolytic
therapy; reperfusion; complications.
I. interna klinika Fakultnej nemocnice v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Jan Murin, CSc., I.
interna klinika, Fakultna nemocnica, Mickiewiczova l3, 8l3 69
Bratislava, Slovakia.



LATE POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS AFTER THE PRIMARY SOLVING OF
AORTIC COARCTATION
HRASKA, V., SIMKOVIC, I., SIMAN, J., VRSANSKY, D., SLEZAK Jr.,
J., OUTRATA, R.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 8,
During the period between 1963 and 1988, 343 patients were
operated due to aortic coarctation. 14 patients (4 %) were
necessarily reoperated for late postoperative complications. In
3 cases (0.8 %) reoperation was indicated due to the development
of aneurysm in the region of primary operation of aortic
coarctation. The development of aneurysm is prevalently
predisposed by Vossschulte`s indirect aortoplastic operation by
the use of a synthetic patch. In the remaining 11 patients (3,2
%) the reoperation was indicated owing to the development of
recoarctation. Today recoarctation concerns children which were
operated under the age of two. The most important moment
favourable for the recoarctation development is the secondary
constriction of the repaired region in consequence of the
coarctation listel fibroid tissue and owing to the incapability
of the anastomosis to grow. The perspective rests on using new
suture material and combined techniques.
Late postoperative complications which follow operations
performed due to aorta coarctation remarkably augment the peri
and postoperative mortality. Three cases out of the given group
of 14 patients terminated by exitus (21 %). Hence, it is
necessary to remove all moments of predisposition creating
a condition favourable for the development of recoarctation and
aneurysm. (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 14.)
Key words: aortic coarctation; complications; reoperation;
postoperative complications.
Klinika kardiovaskularnej chirurgie Ustavu kardiovaskularnych
chorob v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Viktor Hraska, Klinika
kardiovaskularnej chirurgie UKVCH, Partizanska 2, 813 26
Bratislava, Slovakia.



CLINICAL AND SEROLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF CZECHO-SLOVAK CITIZENS
ACTIVE ON THE TERRITORY OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, AS REGARD TO
THE RISK FROM EXPOSURE TO THE COXIELLA BURNETII CONTAGION
LUKACOVICOVA, Z., ZBONCAKOVA, L., BAZLIKOVA, M., BREZINA, R.,
KAZAR, J.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 8,
In the years 1984--1988 we observed, besides the routine
examinations of history, clinical state, and laboratory tests,
also the presence of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii antigens by
means of microagglutination reaction (MAR). The examinations were
performed in our citizens returning to Czechoslovakia from a long
termed business stay in the developing countries. Antibodies to
C. burnetii antigen 2 have been detected entirely in 91 serum
samples, out of which 48 cases following their stay in Libya, 42
cases following their stay in Iraq, and 1 in Syria.
Diagnostically significant antibody titres (64) were detected in
44 serum samples, in which the serological positivity was proved
by complement fixation test (CFT) examination. Clinical symptoms
in the history, responding to the acute form of "Q" fever,
occurred in 44 serologically positive cases, 37 of which
developed high antibody titres, which is considered to be
a significantly high incidence. The results imply the necessity
to become more concerned by the incidence of "Q" fever, its
diagnostics and therapy, eventually prevention in our citizens
working in a more exacting climate of some developing countries.
(Tab. 1, Ref. 15.)
Key words: serological examination; Czechoslovak citizens;
professional exposition; "Q" fever.
Stredisko pre cudzokrajne choroby FN v Bratislave a Virologicky
ustav SAV v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Zdena Lukacovicova, Stredisko
pre cudzokrajne choroby FN, Mickiewiczova 13, 834 21 Bratislava,
Slovakia.



FREE RADICALS DERIVED FROM OXYGEN, AND MEDICINE
DURACKOVA, Z., BERGENDI, L., LIPTAKOVA, A., MUCHOVA, J.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 8,
Toxic free radicals may be produced by many reactions, which are
necessary for the maintenance of normal metabolism, and the
production of energy in cells. The origin, reactivity with other
molecules and removal of free radicals, is in the foreground of
interest since their effect is mostly toxic and result in a whole
series of pathological states of cells, organs and whole
organisms. Production of these radicals increases in oxidative
stress and in the presence of ions of metals (chiefly iron),
leads to the creation of more reactive metabolites. The generally
accepted view is that the main biological actor in damaged
tissues is the hydroxyl radical (.OH), which is created in the
iron catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction. The balance between the
increased creation of free radicals in various pathological
states, or unfavourable conditions in the environment, and
natural antioxidants of a low-molecular (vitamin C, E,
glutathione etc.) or enzyme character (superoxide dismutase,
glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, etc.),
plays the chief role in damage which is the cause of many
diseases and ageing. (Fig. 3, Tab. 5, Ref. 62.)
Key words: antioxidants; free radicals; "free radical diseases".
Ustav lekarskej chemie, biochemie a klinickej biochemie LFUK
v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. Ing. Zdena Durackova, CSc.,
Ustav lekarskej chemie, biochemie a klinickej biochemie LFUK,
Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.


POSSIBILITIES OF URINARY BLADDER NEUROSTIMULATION
BREZA, J., ZVARA, P., KLAUCO, B., ZVARA, V.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 8,
The authors present their first results with urinary bladder
stimulation in dogs by using an electronic stimulator and
electrodes of their own construction.
Neurostimulation was carried out by means of contactless
application of electrical rectangular pulses with the voltage
ranging from 1 to 10 volts, frequency from 10 to 300 Hz and pulse
with 1 ms.
Due to the stimulation of the branches of the pelvis plexus an
isolated contraction of the bladder detrussor with an increase of
intravesical pressure up to 65 cm H2O was observed with
subsequent spontaneous voiding.
The stimulation of the intact sacral root S2 led to
detrussor-sphincteric dyssynergia caused by simultaneous
contraction of the detrussor and the striated urethral sphincter.
The poststimulus spurt of urine was observed at the end of each
S2 stimulation.
The authors inform about the further plan of experimental work
before introducing the method into clinical practice. (Fig. 4,
Ref. 17.)
Key words: neurology; urinary bladder; electrostimulation;
urination in dogs.
Oddelenie chirurgickej patofyziologie Ustavu experimentalnej
mediciny LFUK v Bratislave, Urologicka klinika -- vyucbova
zakladna LFUK NsP akad. L. Derera v Bratislave a Katedra
mikroelektroniky Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Jan Breza, DrSc.,
Urologicka klinika NsP akad. L. Derera, Limbova 5, 833 05
Bratislava, Slovakia.



GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE (GAD) IN BRAIN, PANCREAS, AND
KIDNEYS. COMPARISON OF SOME PROPERTIES
TURSKY, T., LASSANOVA, M., PAVLAKOVICOVA, K.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 8,
Comparisons of soluble and bound GAD activities in brain,
pancreas, and kidneys were performed. In all three organs GAD was
present in three forms: soluble GAD; GAD, the solubility of which
was achievable by means of CHAPS detergent; and GAD, refractory
towards the detergent affect. The activity of these three GAD
fractions, each belonging to a different cellular compartment,
proportionally differed. The ratio of free, bound, and
irreversibly bound activity expressed in percentage was 63:21:15
in the brain, and 14:40:36 in the pancreas. In coincidence with
the occurrence of autoantibodies to GAD from the brain under the
condition of SMS, and that from the pancreatic Ñ-cells under the
condition of IDDM, it is supposed that the conditions favourable
for the origin of the immune response are rendered by GAD bound
in membranes. In kidneys the proportions of free (15 %) and bound
GAD (29 %) are complicated by until now unassessed factors, since
their isolation from the free, eventually bound GAD causes an
activity waste of 50 % which supervenes following the homogenate
separation by the use of centrifuge.
Effect of ATP and chlorides displays both, different and common
properties of GAD from the mentioned three organs. ATP inhibited
the brain GAD and the renal supernatant GAD, whereas it activated
GAD from the homogenate and sediment of the kidneys and the
pancreatic GAD. Chlorides inhibited the brain and pancreatic GAD
and activated the renal GAD. (Fig. 8, Tab. 1, Ref. 16.)
Key words: glutamate decarboxylation; GABA; brain; kidney;
pancreas; ATP; chlorides.
Ustav lekarskej chemie, biochemie a klinickej biochemie LFUK
v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Timotej Tursky, CSc.,
Ustav lekarkej chemie, biochemie a klinickej biochemie LFUK,
Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.


EFFECT OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS VACCINE ON PROFESSIONAL
PHAGOCYTES IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
TAKACOVA, J., KOTULOVA, D., KASICKOVA, A., FERENCIK, M.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 8,
Effect of Staphylococcus aureus vaccine on metabolic and
functional activities of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and guinea
pig macrophages was observed. The tested vaccine following
a short contact with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes isolated
from peripheral blood inhibited candidacidal and phagocytic
activities, whereas the phagocytic index stayed unchanged. The
tested vaccine stimulated the INT -- reductase activity and
superoxide production, as well as extracellular liberation of
lysosome enzymes from polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Application
of the Staphylococcus aureus vaccine to guinea pigs 35, 30, 28,
and 23 days prior to the acquirement of peritoneal macrophages,
augmented, as compared to the control group, the amount of
peritoneal macrophages and their phagocytic activity.
Candidacidal and metabolic activities stayed unchanged. The
results imply that the contact of phagocytic cells with the
antigen, affects their biochemical and functional activities.
Activities are dependent of the length of the period during which
the antigen stimulation takes place, and of its quantity.
Examination of phagocytes can be recommended for adjustment of
both, vaccine doses and intervals between their individual
applications. (Tab. 5, Ref. 19.)
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus vaccine; metabolic activities;
functional activities.
Oddelenie klinickej biochemie NsP v Levoci, Ustav mikrobiologie
LFUK v Bratislave a Ustav imunologie UK v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Ing. Jana Takacova, Oddelenie
klinickej biochemie NsP, 054 11 Levoca, Slovakia.


OBSERVATION OF NASAL ACTIVITY IN ANAESTHETISED GUINEA PIGS
TATAR, M., NIKEL, J., MRAZ, R.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 8,
The authors elaborated a methodical procedure for observing the
nasal reactivity in anaesthetized guinea pigs (Pentobarbital
Spofa, 32 mg.kg-1 i.p.): Volume alterations in the nasal mucosa
were estimated from the changes in nasal airflow resistance (Rn).
Via tracheostomic aperture the authors introduced a cannula into
the nasopharynx. By the use of the cannula they drove doses of
continual airflow through the nasal cavities, the airflow doses
being 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, thereafter in reversed order: 1.0 and 0.5
l.min-1.
Contemporaneously they registered the nasopharyngeal pressure. Rn
represented the quotient of the transnasal pressure (the
difference between the nasopharyngeal and atmospheric pressure)
and the relevant airflow. They filled the nasal cavities for
three minutes with histamine solution, the concentration of which
was doubled following each application, gradually from 0.625 to
2.0 g.l-1. They discovered that the average values of Rn increase
in dependence of histamine doses. Maximal response of the nasal
mucosa was detected in between the doses of 0.5--1.0 g.l-1. For
estimation of the threshold dose it is necessary to observe still
lower histamine concentrations. (Fig. 1, Ref. 14.)
Key words: nasal airflow resistance; histamine; guinea pig.
Katedra patologickej fyziologie a farmakologie LFUK v Martine
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Milos Tatar, CSc., Katedra
patologickej fyziologie a farmakologie LFUK, Sklabinska 26, 037
53 Martin, Slovakia.


CORRELATION OF UROGRAPHY, ULTRASONOGRAPHY (USG), AND COMPUTER
TOMOGRAPHY (CT) WITH CLINICAL FINDINGS IN THE PROCESS OF RENAL
AND RETROPERITONEAL EXAMINATIONS.
POSSIBILITIES OF DIAGNOSTIC MISSTATEMENTS
NAGY, V., VALANSKY, L., ZELENAK, P., MICHALKO, T., MARTINCOK, D.,
KAMINSKA, L., MACH, P., ZACHAR, M., NAGYOVA, D., SOKOL, L.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 8,
The authors prospectively and retrospectively mutually compared
the diagnostic value of urography, ultrasonography (USG), and
computer tomography (CT) in four patients, with the diagnosis
misstated prior to operation. The most valuable findings were
provided by CT. Mere utilization of these methods does not
exclude the possibility of diagnostic misstatements. In three
patients the ultimate diagnosis was assessed on the basis of
operative revision and in one patient, by means of cytologic
examination of the renal punctate. Owing to retrospective
evaluation of examinations, diagnostically valuable symptoms
which could have lead to the correct diagnosis, were
distinguished. Hence, examinations must necessarily be evaluated
in complex with the general clinical state. (Fig. 6, Ref. 14.)
Key words: urography; ultrasonography; computer tomography;
operative revision.
Urologicka klinika FNsP v Kosiciach, Rontgenologicke oddelenie
FNsP v Kosiciach, II. interna klinika FNsP v Kosiciach
a Patologicke oddelenie FNsP v Kosiciach
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Vincent Nagy, Urologicka
klinika FNsP, Srobarova 57, 040 66 Kosice, Slovakia.

MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES
GVOZDJAKOVA, A.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 9,
In this review the author describes the current knowledge about
mitochondrial diseases (mitochondrial myopathies, mitochondrial
encephalomyopathies and mitochondrial cardiomyopathies) in both
clinical and experimental medicine.
This description concerns historical development of mitochondrial
diseases, biochemical alterations and genetic disturbances of
damaged mitochondria. Also it shows some already known mechanisms
of extinguishment of mitochondria, first diagnostic possibilities
concerning mitochondrial diseases in clinical medicine and their
response to therapy. (Ref. 105.)
Key words: mitochondrial diseases; cardiomyopathies; myopathies;
encephalomyopathies; metabolism; genetics; therapy.
Farmakobiochemicke laboratorium Lekarskej Fakulty Univerzity
Komenskeho v Bratislave
Address for correspondence autora: RNDr. Anna Gvozdjakova, DrSc.,
Farmakobiochemicke laboratorium LFUK, Hlboka 7, 811 05
Bratislava, Slovakia.


NON-INVASIVE ASSESMENT OF LONG-TERM VASODILATOR THERAPY FOR
CHRONIC REFRACTORY HEART FAILURE IN DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
RIECANSKY, I., SCHREINEROVA, Z., BZDUCHOVA, O., PLACHA, L.,
HAVLINOVA, K., ZELENAY, J.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 9,
In 18 patients (14 men, 4 women, in the age of 37--52 years,
x=43 years) with dilating cardiomyopathy allocated into NYHA
functional classification groups III--IV, the efficacy of
ambulatory long termed (x=6 years) vasodilator therapy by means
of non-invasive methods was evaluated. NITRO-MACK retard
(venodilator) in the dosage of 20 mg per day and DIHYDRALAZIN
(arteriodilator) in the dosage of 100--200 mg per day were
combined simultaneously with continuous administration of
cardiotonics and diuretics. Vasodilator therapy had a favourable
effect on systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle
with the mostly marked effect at the beginning of treatment.
Amidst non-invasive parameters, the diastolic amplitude time
index and left ventricular hypertrophy-dilatation index had the
greatest prognostic value regarding the treatment efficacy and
survival of patients. This objective evidence of the efficacy of
vasodilator therapy in patients with dilating cardiomyopathy
coincided with the improvement of clinical status, subjective
relief, moderation of decompensation, and thus with the
improvement of life quality. (Fig. 1, Tab. 4, Ref. 24.)
Key words: dilating cardiomyopathy; heart failure; vasodilators;
mechanocardiography; echocardiography; ambulatory long termed
therapy.
Institut pre dalsie vzdelavanie lekarov a farmaceutov
v Bratislave a Ustav kardiovaskularnych chorob v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Igor Riecansky, CSc.,
Kardiologicka klinika UKVCH, Partizanska 2, 813 26 Bratislava,
Slovakia.


TREATMENT OF UPPER CERVICAL VERTEBRAL COLUMN FRACTURES (C1 + C2)
JIRI LATAL, JOZEF LOHNERT
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 9,
The authors provide a review of current opinions on the treatment
of fractures in the region of C1 and C2. It is necessary to take
the possibility of this localization of fractures into
consideration in polytraumatized patients, in those unconscious,
and in cases of algesia in the cervical region. A significant
post in diagnostics belongs to CT examination which reveals the
extent and type of fracture and the degree of dislocation. The
authors refer to the classification of Aebi and Nazarian which
should be accepted in spondylo-surgical practice.
The authors recommend conservative therapy of atlas fractures,
preferably by the use of Halo-apparatuses. The direct
osteosynthesis by means of two compressible screws according to
Bohler/Magerl represents the method of choice in treating dens
fractures. The surgical modification utilizing a small T splint
was proved competent in fractures interfering the vertebral
corpus (type III). Fractures of isthmus with no dislocation are
recommended to be treated conservatively by the use of
Halo-fixation, in cases with dislocation (types E II, E III) they
consider the method of intercorporal desis C 2/3 according to
Decaulx and modified by Caspar, to be optimal. (Fig. 8, Ref. 20.)
Key words : fractures of cervical vertebral column; vertebral
column; surgical treatment.
Subkatedra urazovej chirurgie Institutu pre dalsie vzdelavanie
pracovnikov v zdravotnictve v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Jiri Latal, CSc., Klinika
urazovej chirurgie Dererovej nemocnice, Limbova 5, 833 05
Bratislava, Slovakia.

ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS TREATED BY HEMODIALYSIS AND
KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
BREZA, J., REZNICEK, J., PRIBYLINCOVA, V., ZVARA, P.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 9,
The incidence of erectile dysfunction in patients suffering from
severe renal diseases in the stage of renal insufficiency is
significantly higher in comparison with healthy men of the same
age. In the etiopathogenesis of erectile disorders, both organic
and psychogenic factors participate in combination. By means of
a questionnaire, the authors have collected information from 53
men treated by hemodialysis and kidney transplantation because of
renal failure.
Erectile disorders occurred in 41.5 per cent of men with chronic
renal insufficiency. On one side hemodialysis improved the
erectile dysfunction in two patients, in total, however, the
incidence of impotence increased to 64.2 per cent.
Erectile dysfunction was reported by 71.7 per cent of patients
after kidney transplantation.
The authors describe two cases of iatrogenic arterial
insufficiency of the penis as the cause of impotence after
secondary renal transplantation.
In uremic patients as possible therapeutic methods,
intracavernous application of vasoactive drugs or penile
prostheses implantation should be considered. (Fig. 2, Ref. 20.)
Key words: hemodialysis; kidney transplantation; erectile
dysfunction.
Urologicka klinika Dererovej nemocnice, vyucbovej zakladne LFUK
v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Jan Breza, DrSc.,
Urologicka klinika Dererovej nemocnice, Limbova 5, 833 05
Bratislava, Slovakia.


HISTOPATHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS PERFORMED BY NEUROSURGEONS
POGADY, P., WURM, G., HUBER, A., WIES, W., FISCHER, J.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 9,
Neurosurgical practice has proved that the establishment of
a correct neurohistopathologic diagnosis is sometimes difficult.
Inconsistency of diagnoses resulting from unbiased examinations
of several neuropathologists is not uncommon. The authors
- neurosurgeons - have performed 300 fast neurohistopathologic
examinations by means of smear technique. Correct diagnosis was
stated in more than 90 % of cases. Bioptic examination may
represent a contribution in cases where postoperative irradiation
is indicated, namely under diagnostically controversial
circumstances. The authors re-evaluate the possibilities of
utilization of smear technique for the purpose of histopathologic
diagnostics performed directly by neurosurgeons. (Tab. 7, Ref.
5.)
Key words: brain biopsy; smear technique; neurosurgery;
histological diagnosis.
Wagner-Jauregg-Krankenhaus v Linzi
Address for correspondence: Dr. Med. Peter Pogady, O.O.
Landes-Nervenklinik Wagner-Jauregg, Wagner-Jauregg-Weg 15,
A--4020 Linz, Osterreich.


FUNCTIONAL STATE OF PLATELETS IN MEN AND WOMEN OF YOUNG AGE
KASJANOVOVA, D.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 9,
Differences in the functional status of platelets in vitro were
compared between young adult men and women. Platelets in women
were found to have a higher susceptibility to ADP, epinephrine,
arachidonic acid and to produce more TXB2. These changes appear
to be due to the declined hematocrit and thus to lower
concentrations of sodium citrate, a commonly used anticoagulant.
Platelet activity was conversely related to plasma sodium
citrate. Since calcium chloride was found to offset the
inhibitory effect of sodium citrate, it was assumed that the
sex-related differences observed in platelet activity were due to
varied levels of ionized calcium. The platelet activity was at
equal values of hematocrit equal in both sexes. (Tab. 3, Ref.
19.)
Key words: thrombocytes; ADP; adrenaline; arachidonic acid;
TXB2; hematocrit.
Vyskumny ustav gerontologie v Malackach
Address for correspondence: Prom. biol. Daniela Kasjanovova,
CSc., Vyskumny ustav gerontologie, Zamocka ulica, 901 01 Malacky,
Slovakia.


THE FUNCTION OF PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR (PAF) IN PATHOGENESIS
OF ASTHMA
PEC, M., VISNOVSKY, P., DOBROTA, D., DOBIAS, J., LAZAR, J.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 9,
The work reviews knowledge about the function of PAF, the
presupposed mediator of asthma. The PAF mediator evokes
contraction of smooth muscles of respiratory passages, too in
vivo as in vitro, by means of an indirect mechanism involving
activated platelets which function as intermediaries. The
constrictor released due to this process can be represented by
histamine or a product of arachidonic acid. Mucous secretion is
according to current knowledge stimulated by PAF. The PAF
mediator appears to be a considerable chemotactic factor for
eosinophils which by their cytotoxic effects on respiratory
epithelium support the origin and development of bronchial
hyperresponsiveness. PAF has an eminent effect on the growth of
microvascular permeability. Antagonists of PAF inhibit some
mentioned PAF effects. Their possible therapeutic utilization,
excluding ketotiphen, are currently subjected to research. (Fig.
2, Ref. 17.)
Key words: PAF; bronchial hyperresponsiveness; asthma.
Ustav farmakologie Jeseniovej lekarskej fakulty Univerzity
Komenskeho v Martine a Ustav lekarskej biologie Jeseniovej
lekarskej fakulty Univerzity Komenskeho v Martine
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Martin Pec, Ustav farmakologie
JLFUK, Sklabinska 26, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.


INTRAARTICULAR AND PERIARTICULAR INJECTION THERAPY
VOJTASSAK, J.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 9,
The author in the article in the form of an assembled report
deals with the problem of intraarticular and periarticular
injection therapy. The author divides the matter in two parts,
the diagnostics and therapy. In general, there are four
possibilities of influencing the joint by means of an injection.
First, the evacuation of intraarticular contents, second, the
introducing of pharmacy into the joint, third, the mechanical
irritation of certain connective tissue structures of the joint
which ought to evoke the formation of a scar, and fourth, the
mechanical stabilization of the structure inflicted by lesion.
Owing to the removal of pain, the negative effects of
neuromuscular reflexes due to algesic stimuli, are eliminated.
There are two basic types of affections subjectable to injection
intraarticular treatment, namely the diseases coinciding with the
damage of articular biomechanics, particularly disturbances of
both, the sliding in arthrosis and articular stability. In such
cases the application of chondroprotectives, eventually formation
of a scar by irritation of the appropriate connective tissue
structures, decreasing of instability and removal of contractures
are theoretically justified. Evacuation punction is indicated in
post-traumatic states, inflammatory states indicate diagnostic
punction, and aseptic inflammation requires infiltration of
pharmacy with antiphlogistic effect. Injection intrarticular
intervention represents a justified diagnostic procedure and an
effective therapeutical administration. It is necessary to become
familiar with the topographic anatomy of joints, just as with the
technique of application, contraindications, and determination of
possible limitations of intraarticular treatment and surgical
reconstructive intervention into the joint or extremity. The most
serious complications of intraarticular injection administration
are represented by iatrogenic infections and cortisone-like
arthropathies. Injection intraarticular therapy is indicated
either as an independent treatment, or in combination with
peroral, parenteral, or physical treatment. (Ref. 14.)
Key words: intraarticular; periarticular injection --
indications; complications.
I. ortopedicka klinika LFUK v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Jozef Vojtassak, CSc., I.
ortopedicka klinika LFUK, Hlboka cesta 7, 811 05 Bratislava,
Slovakia

DOES SUPPLEMENTATION OF FISH OIL (n-3 FATTY ACIDS) HAVE ANY SENSE
IN DIABETIC PATIENTS?
TAMARA MILLY, ROBERT SIMONCIC
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 10,
Since the 7O-ties many investigators have studied the effects of
fish oil supplementation in experimental and clinical medicine.
Regarding to some perspective results (in healthy subjects,
cardiovascular, autoimmune diseases, in disorders of lipid
metabolism, in carciogenesis a.o.), there were also expected
favourable consequences in diabetic subjects. Taking into
consideration the most controversial information in this field,
the authors in this review article try to summarize all relevant
questions. (Fig. 1, Tab. 1, Ref. 22.)
Key words: n-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA);
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); arachidonic acid (AA); fish oil (FO).
Vyskumny ustav vyzivy v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Tamara Milly, Vyskumny ustav
vyzivy ludu, Limbova 14, 833 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.


DYNAMIC CHANGES OF DIGOXIN-LIKE IMMUNOACTIVITY DURING oGTT IN
PREGNANT WOMEN
MARTINKA, E., MATUSEK, J., MOKAN, M., OCHODNICKY, M., KVETENSKY,
J., DANKO, J., STASKO, J., VLADAR L.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 93, 1994, 10,
The changes of serum digoxin-like immunoactivity (DLIA) during
75g oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT), were investigated in 25
pregnant women with various glucose tolerance. 13 women had
a normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 12 women had an impaired
glucose tolerance (IGT) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Test was performed after 25 week of pregnancy. The results were
compared with 9 nonpregnant healthy volunteers (NHV).
After an oral glucose challenge, there was observed a significant
decrease in serum DLIA (p<<0.01 in lst hour), in both groups of
the pregnant women. In the group of NHV these findings were not
found.
Our findings suggest a possible relationships between DLIA and
glucose tolerance in pregnant women. However, it needs further
investigation. (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 24.)
Key words: digoxin-like immunoactivity; glucose tolerance;
insulin resistance; gestational diabetes mellitus.
Jeseniova lekarska fakulta Univerzity Komenskeho v Martine, I.
interna klinika MFN v Martine a Gynekologicko porodnicka klinika
MFN v Martine
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Emil Martinka, I. interna
klinika MFN, Kollarova 2, O36 59 Martin, Slovakia.


NITRATES AND NITRITES IN GASTRIC JUICE IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS
BENO, I., SIGMUNDOVA, V.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 10,
Atrophic gastritis represents the intestinal type of
pre-cancerosis of gastric carcinoma. This process presupposes
a genotoxic effect of N-nitroso-compounds which are formed in the
stomach by nitrosation of nitrites and organic nitrogen
compounds. The authors examined 41 patients with chronic
superficial and atrophic gastritis. They examined the pH and
concentration of nitrates and nitrites in gastric juice taken in
the morning before meal. They discovered that in severe atrophic
gastritis the amount of nitrates is significantly increased and
the amount of nitrites is decreased, all in comparison with
superficial gastritis. An exponential relation of the
concentration of nitrites towards the pH of gastric juice was
found to be NO2- = epH -- 6.5, CC=0.935. A significant elevation
of nitrite concentration was observed in cases of pH being higher
than 5.5. Nitrate concentration altered in dependence of the
value of gastric ph. Oral administration of 300 mg of vitamin
C or 250 mg of vitamin E did not significantly affect the amount
of gastric nitrites. The work discusses the mutual relation of
nitrites, ascorbic acid and alfa-tocoferol towards the formation
of N-nitroso-compounds in the stomach inflicted by atrophic
gastritis. (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 25.)
Key words: atrophic gastritis; nitrates and nitrites; gastric
juice; vitamin C; vitamin E; gastric carcinoma.
Vyskumny ustav vyzivy v Bratislave a Narodny ustav hygieny
a epidemiologie v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Igor Beno, DrSc., Vyskumny
ustav vyzivy, Limbova 14, 833 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.


TYPICALLY LOCALIZED SCROFULODERMA
POLAKOVA, K.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94,1993, 10,
Tuberculosis of the skin and peripheral subcutaneous lymphnodes
represents the most frequent forms of extrapulmonary
tuberculosis. The group of patients subjected to our observation
had the highest incidence of tuberculous lymphadenitis. The
second most frequent disease observed was scrofuloderma. Its
profound colliquative form, the so-called tuberculosis subcutanea
fistulosa profunda is extremely scarce.
Our work describes one case of such a disease. The pathological
process in our patient was localized in the perianal and
perigenital region.
Especially this localization is typical for other non-specific
dermal diseases. The work stresses the tuberculous ethiology of
the pathological process in this region from the differential
diagnostic point of view. The fact that this disease has not been
appropriately treated due to the lack of precedent cases during
the past years, has caused long lasting physical and psychical
suffering of the patient. (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 5.)
Key words: dermal tuberculosis; scrofuloderma; tuberculosis
subcutanea fistulosa profunda; differential diagnosis.
Ustav tuberkulozy a respiracnych chorob v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Katarina Polakova, UTaRCH,
Krajinska cesta 101, 825 56 Bratislava-Podunajske Biskupice,
Slovakia.


ARCHITECTURE OF PULMONARY BLOOD VESSELS DUE TO PULMONARY STENOSIS
JURKO, A., LANYI, A.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 10,
The authors aimed their work on the study of the architecture of
pulmonary blood vessels and blood flow via pulmonary vascular
network in patients with Fallot malformation. In 34 children with
valvular stenosis of a. pulmonalis and in 12 children with Fallot
tetralogy they analysed in detail their angiograms, paying
attention to evaluation of the architecture of truncus pulmonalis
and its branches, the discharging part of the right ventricle,
and the state of the arterial phase of the pulmonary vascular
network. On the basis of their results the authors explain the
preferential blood distribution in Fallot`s tetralogy by the
displacement of the outflow part of the right ventricle to the
right and by a greater amanation angle between the right branch
of a.pulmonalis and its truncus. Better routing of blood into the
left lung in patients with pulmonary valvular stenosis is
according to the authors due to a greater emanation angle between
the left branch of a.pulmonaris and its truncus. The authors
analyse also the mechanism of formation of poststenotic
dilatation of truncus pulmonaris and the left branch af
a.pulmonaris in cases of valvular stenosis in infant age. (Fig.
4, Ref. 12.)
Key words: pulmonary stenosis; pulmonary circulation;
distribution of pulmonary flow.
Detska klinika Jeseniovej lekarskej fakulty Univerzity Komenskeho
v Martine
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Alexander Jurko, DrSc.,
Detska klinika JLFUK, Kollarova 10, 036 59 Martin, Slovakia.


VITILIGO -- MYSTERIOUS DISEASE PART I, EPIDEMIOLOGY,
ETIOPATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL NOTES
The work gives data about the incidence and prevalence of
vitiligo, clinical knowledge, some etiopathogenetic mechanisms,
associated auto-immune diseases, with a special emphasis on
chemical vitiligo, and the meaning of the association with the
HLA system. (Ref. 56.)
Key words: vitiligo; incidence and prevalence; ethiopathogenetic
aspects; chemical vitiligo; asociation with HLA complex.
Kozna klinika IVZ, NsP Ruzinov a Detska kozna klinika DFN
v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Eugen Hegyi, DrSc.,
Mickiewiczova 3, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia.


STEREOTACTIC BIOPSY OF CEREBRAL NEOPLASMS TUMOURS
POGADY, P., HIERTZ, H., WURM, G., OLSCHOWSKI, A., FISCHER, J.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 10,
The work reevaluates the meaning of stereotactic bioptic
examination in 50 neurosurgical patients. Bioptic material gained
for histologic purposes does not secure always the achievement of
the correct histologic diagnosis. The authors critically
reevaluate the possibilities of this diagnostic method. They do
not consider as adequate to claim multiple expansive processes to
be inoperable, respectively as being refractory towards therapy,
when the histologic conclusion is lacking. In cases of
inconsistency in histologic conclusions from two
neuropathologists the further fate of the patient is conditioned
by the neuropathologist`s stand-point, but also by the clinical
experience of the neurosurgeon who overtakes the final
responsibility for the patient`s further fate. Recently available
methods (CT,MR, spectrography) are diagnostically not so precise
as to be able to manage without stereotactic biopsy. (Tab. 3,
Fig. 5, Ref. 10.)
Key words: stereotactic biopsy; histology; lymphoma;
neuropathology.
Neurochirurgicke oddelenie Oberosterreichische Landesnervenklinik
Wagner--Jauregg v Linzi, Rakusko
Address for correspondence: Dr. med. Peter Pogady,
OO-Landesnervenklinik Wagner--Jauregg, Wagner--Jauregg-Weg 15,
4020 Linz, Austria.


MASSIVE HAEMORRHAGE FROM ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE DUODENUM
PASKAN,J., PROCHOTSKY,A., CERNY,J., VALACH,G.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 10,
The authors report the case of a 48 year old patient with
duodenal adenocarcinoma. The patient was hospitalized at the
internal clinic and due to massive bleeding into GIT was removed
into the surgical clinic in a state of schock. The operation
revealed a Tu formation on the border between D3 and D4, and
a palliative resection was performed. The histologic examination
verified the diagnosis of the duodenal carcinoma, WHO gr.II.
During the postoperative period the patient received 4
chemotherapeutic treatments, although literature generally refers
to chemotherapy as having no effect on the time of survival in
patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma. The authors conclude that
in patients with a long termed history of atypical abdominal
symptoms including bleeding into GIT which are inexplicable owing
to fibroscopy and x-ray, it is necessary to take into
consideration the possible presence of neoplasms in the small
intestine, and hence in the duodenum. In cases with massive
bleeding they recommend palliative resection and subsequent
chemotherapy. (Fig. 6, Ref. 11.)
Key words: duodenal adenocarcinoma; massive bleeding.
Chirurgicka klinika NsP Bezrucova 5 v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Jan Paskan, CSc., NsP sv.
Barbory, Spitalska 1, 048 74 Roznava, Slovakia.


PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA -- EFFICACY OF ANTIBIOTICS AND THEIR
COMBINATIONS IN VITRO
MILOSOVIC, P., SIMKOVICOVA, M.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 10,
During the ten year period (1981--1990) of detection of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility towards anti-Pseudomonas
antibiotics a decrease in susceptability towards GEN took place,
namely from 91.7 % to 80.0 %. Susceptibility towards STR, COL and
POL has not altered. During the course of five years we recorded
a remarkable augmentation in resistance towards the group of 10
new antibiotics NET -- by 24.3 %, TIC -- by 20.6 % and AZL -- by
18.5 %. The most effective antibiotics of this group were CIP
(100 %), AMI (98.6 %), OFL (99.3 %), and CTZ (100 %). Eight
combinations of antibiotics were tested on 100 strains and
CTX+GEN was proved to be the most effective combination --
synergistic effect on 92.0 strains. The comparison of the effect
of CTX + GEN combination on 12 strains implies identical results
gained by both, the plate dilution method and the method of
detection of lethal effect rate. For the purpose of routinized
examinations the dilution micromethod is the most suitable. (Tab.
4, Ref. 19.)
Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; susceptibility; combinations
of antibiotics.
Narodny ustav hygieny a epidemiologie v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Peter Milosovic, Narodny ustav
hygieny a epidemiologie, Trnavska 52, 826 45 Bratislava,
Slovakia.

Revascularization of the Penis
BREZA, J., MIKLOSI, M., SOBEK, M.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 11,
Revascularization of the penis is indicated in those patients in
whom peripheral arterial occlusion of the internal pudendal
artery alone or in combination with the venous incompetence of
the penis, was detected to be the cause of erectile dysfunction.
The authors present the results of penile revascularization in
12 patients impotent after crushing pelvic fracture associated
with urethral rupture. Revascularization of the dorsal artery of
the penis by the inferior epigastric artery was used as the
method of surgical treatment. Satisfactory functional results
were achieved in 58 % of patients.
In other 8 patients with combined arteriogenic and venogenic
impotence, arterialization of the venous system of the penis was
utilized. In 6 patients the method of "triple" anastomosis of the
inferior epigastric artery, dorsal artery of the penis, and
penile deep dorsal vein was used. In 2 cases the deep dorsal vein
of the penis was arterialized by the inferior epigastric artery.
The cumulative success rate of venous arterialization of the
penis was 62.5 %. (Fig. 5, Ref. 15.)
Key words: revascularization; penis; erectile dysfunction;
impotence; urology.
Urologicka klinika LFUK Dererovej nemocnice v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Jan Breza, DrSc.,
Urologicka klinika LFUK, Limbova 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.


POSTCHEMOTHERAPY SURGERY IN NONSEMINOMATOUS TESTICULAR TUMOURS
HORNAK, M., ONDRUS, D., MATOSKA, J., CARSKY, S.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 11,
From 1982 to 1993, 220 patients with metastatic nonseminomatous
germ cell testicular tumours were treated with a combination of
cisplatin, vinblastine and bleomycin. Complete remission was
achieved in 108 (49.1 %) pts. on chemotherapy alone. Residual
abdominal or pulmonary masses persisted on completion of
chemotherapy in 85 (38.6 %) pts. All of them had normal serum
levels of tumour markers. In 13 (5.9 %) pts tumour markers were
positive. Fourteen (6.4 %) pts died during primary chemotherapy.
The pts with residual masses and normal tumour markers were
treated by surgical exploration and masses removal. In 62 pts the
masses were resected through laparotomy, in 19 pts through
pulmonary surgery and in four pts laparotomy was followed later
by pulmonary surgery. The masses removed at laparotomy consisted
of necrotic and fibrotic tissue in 25.8 %, mature teratoma in
61.3 % and viable cancer was detected in 12.9 % cases. In
contrast, resected pulmonary masses consisted of necrotic and
fibrotic tissue in 42.1 %, mature teratoma in 26.3 % and viable
cancer in 31.6 %. The total therapeutic outcome in 220 pts was as
follows: 159 pts (72.3 %) are alive and free of disease. Four pts
(1.8 %) live with the disease and 57 pts (25.9 %) died from the
disease. On the basis of their results the authors advocate: 1.
Primary chemotherapy should be indicated for IIA and IIB stages
of nonseminomatous testicular tumours. 2. Surgical exploration
should be reserved for pts with residual abdominal and pulmonary
masses bigger than 15 mm in diameter. 3. Operation should include
a complete removal of all residual masses. 4. No reliable
criteria indicating necrotic and fibrotic changes preoperatively
were identified. (Tab. 4, Ref. 17.)
Key words: testicular tumours; primary chemotherapy; adjuvant
surgery.
Urologicka klinika LFUK v Bratislave, Oddelenie patologie
Narodneho onkologickeho ustavu v Bratislave a Chirurgicka klinika
IVZ v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Michal Hornak, DrSc.,
Urologicka klinika LFUK, Dererova NsP, Limbova 5, 833 05
Bratislava, Slovakia.


The Experience with the Activity of the Department of Clinical
Epidemiology following 25 years of Its Existence in Clinical
Institutions
BADALIK, L., KANDRACOVA-HONZATKOVA, Z., KRISTUFEK, P., VIRSIK, K.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 11,
Twenty-five years ago in the Institute of Tuberculosis and
Respiratory Deseases in Bratislava was created a Department of
Clinical Epidemiology. It was the first department to bear this
title.
The authors analyze the activity of this department. They paid
special attention not only to quantitative characteristics of the
gained results, but also to the description of the used strategy
in inserting clinical epidemiology into practice of institutions
of therapy and prevention.
After the lapse of 25 years the authors consider the
establishment of the mentioned department as a correct decision
which led to qualitative improvement and more effective activity
of the Institute. (Ref. 8.)
Key words: preventive medicine, clinical epidemiology, analysis
of experience
Oddelenie klinickej epidemiologie a statistiky Ustavu tuberkulozy
a respiracnych chorob v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Ladislav Badalik, DrSc.,
UTaRCH, Krajinska 93, 825 56 Bratislava, Slovakia.


RETT SYNDROME: CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CASE
GLOS, J., PECENAK, J., TODOROVA, K., KRCHNAKOVA, H.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 11,
VUDPaP v Bratislave, Detske centrum v Bratislave a Klinika
detskej psychiatrie DFN v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Jozef Glos, CSc., Detske
centrum, Cyprichova 42, 831 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.


FIRST SELECTIVE CORONAROGRAPHIES IN FORMER CZECHO-SLOVAKIA
TICHY, M., SIMKOVIC, I., RIECANSKY, I., PAVLIKOVA, L., OZOROVSKY,
V.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 11,
The study observes the history and the begining of selective
coronarographies performed in the territory of the Slovak
Republic. The first aortocoronary bypass in Slovakia was
performed in Bratislava. It was realized by the team of the
Surgical Clinic of Academician Derer in november 1969, namely on
the basis of coronarographic examinations which were performed by
Smrecansky, Cagan and Krajcovic. Coronographies have been
performed in the Central X-ray Department of the Hospital and
Clinic of Academician Derer since the end of the year 1968.
During the period of december 1968 to june 1970 selective
coronographies were realized in 70 patients and they represented
the first performances of this method in former Czechoslovakia.
(Ref. 8.)
Key words: selective coronarography; Czechoslovakia.
Ustav socialneho lekarstva LFUK v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. PhDr. Miloslav Tichy, CSc.,
Ustav socialneho lekarstva LFUK, Sasinkova 10, 811 08 Bratislava,
Slovakia.


THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF HYPERTONIC HEMORRHAGE
SANTA, M., SULLA, I., SANTOVA, I., FAGULA, J., MALINOVSKY, E.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 11,
The authors subdued 82 patients to an analysis, the aim of which
was to determine the most optimum indication criterias for
operations due to hypertonic brain hemorrhage. The survival rate,
its qualities and other parameters in the group under observation
did not significantly differ from characteristics of groups of
patients given by literature. Therefore, they recommend the
following factors to be taken into consideration of surgical
indication: age, general status of the patient, localization of
the hematoma, associated internal diseases. (Tab. 3, Fig. 5, Ref.
16.)
Key words: hypertonic brain hemorrhage.
Neurochirurgicka klinika LF UPJS v Kosiciach a Radiodiagnosticke
oddelenie FNsP v Kosiciach
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Marian Santa, CSc.,
Neurochirurgicka klinika LF UPJS, Trieda SNP 1, 040 66 Kosice,
Slovakia.


INTERFERONS AS CANCER THERAPY -- DIRECT REGULATORY EFFECTS ON
TUMOUR CELLS
KUBES, M.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 11,
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of pleiotropic cell regulatory
molecules and members of the cytokine network. Apart from
a central role in the body's first-line defence against
infections, they are important in regulation of immune responses
and may be involved in control of cell growth and
differentiation. Over the past ten years, clinical trials
provided unequivocal evidence that IFNs to have anticancer
activity, even though this is valid in a restricted range of
tumours mainly of haematopoietic origin. We currently suppose
three ways in which IFNs could affect tumour growth: 1. Direct
regulatory effects on tumour cells. 2. Immunomodulatory effects
that enhance or even initiate a host response to the tumour. 3.
Regulatory effects on host/tumour interaction not associated with
immune responses. We reviewed the direct regulatory effects of
IFNs on tumour cells and results of clinical trials of IFNs in
cancer therapy. (Tab. 2, Ref. 85.)
Key words: interferon; antiproliferative effect; tumour cell;
cancer therapy.
Virologicky ustav SAV v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: RNDr. Miroslav Kubes, CSc.,
Virologicky ustav SAV, Dubravska cesta 9, 842 46 Bratislava,
Slovakia.


THE INFLUENCE OF PGI2 AND DOPAMINE ON THE INDOMETHACINE AND
ETHANOL-INDUCED GASTRIC LESIONS IN RELATION TO GASTRIC VASCULAR
PERMEABILITY AND HCl SECRETION IN RATS OF DIFFERENT AGE
KOHUT, A., MIROSSAY, L.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 11,
Gastric lesions induced by indomethacin (20 mg.kg-1 i.p.) and
ethanol (1 ml 95 % intragastrically) were studied in rats after
a 24 hour fast. The size of gastric lesions was correlated with
gastric HCl secretion and with gastric vascular permeability
(determined from the Evan's blue concentration in the gastric
tissue after its i.v. administration). These parameters were also
studied in rats pretreated with either PGI2 (5 Ýg.kg-1) or
dopamine (0.5 mg.kg-1). It was found that in 12-months old rats
the gastric lesions were significantly higher compared with the
3-month old group. PGI2 and dopamine significantly decreased
gastric lesions in the 3-month rats but not in 12-month old rats.
Both indomethacin and ethanol increased gastric vascular
permeability in both used age groups. It was observed that the
decrease of gastric lesions after pretreatment with PGI2 and
dopamine in the 3-month old rats was followed with decreased
gastric vascular permeability and HCl secretion. On the other
hand the increased susceptibility of the gastric mucosa due to
indomethacine in the 12-month old rats was followed by a decrease
of HCl secretion. PGI2 or dopamine had not any effect on the
12-month old rats. These results show that susceptibility of
gastric mucosa to PGI2 and dopamine is dependent on age. (Fig.
3, Ref. 31.)
Key words: gastric lesions; indomethacin; ethanol; PGI2;
dopamine; gastric vascular permeability.
Ustav farmakologie LF UPJS v Kosiciach
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Anton Kohut, DrSc., Ustav
farmakologie LF UPJS, Trieda SNP 1, 040 66 Kosice, Slovakia.


Functional Evaluation of the Penile Venous System by Dynamic
Pharmaco-cavernosometry and Cavernography
BREZA, J., VRABEC, J.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 11,
The penile venous system plays an important role in the
haemodynamics of erection. Failure of the venous occlusive
mechanism leads to venous incompetence and impotence.
The authors have examined the functional capacity of the penile
venous system by dynamic pharmacocavernosometry in 31 patients
with erectile dysfunction. This diagnostic tool enables to
evaluate quantitatively the extent of the venous incompetence.
In 26 patients it was possible to localize cavernosographically
the site of venous leakage through one of the three venous
systems draining the penis.
Dynamic cavernosometry and cavernosography together with
systematic knowledge of the anatomy of the penile venous system
are of primary importance for correct diagnosis and treatment of
the erectile dysfunction caused by venous incompetence. (Tab. 2,
Fig. 5, Ref. 27.)
Key words: venous penile incompetence; dynamic cavernosometry;
cavernosography.
Urologicka klinika LFUK v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Jan Breza, DrSc.,
Urologicka klinika LFUK, Dererova nemocnica, Limbova 5, 833 05
Bratislava, Slovakia.


The Experience with the Activity of the Department of Clinical
Epidemiology following 25 years of Its Existence in Clinical
Institutions
BADALIK, L., KANDRACOVA-HONZATKOVA, Z., KRISTUFEK, P., VIRSIK, K.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 11,
Twenty-five years ago in the Institute of Tuberculosis and
Respiratory Deseases in Bratislava was created a Department of
Clinical Epidemiology. It was the first department to bear this
title.
The authors analyze the activity of this department. They paid
special attention not only to quantitative characteristics of the
gained results, but also to the description of the used strategy
in inserting clinical epidemiology into practice of institutions
of therapy and prevention.
After the lapse of 25 years the authors consider the
establishment of the mentioned department as a correct decision
which led to qualitative improvement and more effective activity
of the Institute. (Ref. 8.)
Key words: preventive medicine, clinical epidemiology, analysis
of experience
Oddelenie klinickej epidemiologie a statistiky Ustavu tuberkulozy
a respiracnych chorob v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Ladislav Badalik, DrSc.,
UTaRCH, Krajinska 93, 825 56 Bratislava, Slovakia.

VITILIGO -- AN ENIGMATIC DISEASE. PART II. THE THERAPY OF
VITILIGO
HEGYI, E., KOLIBASOVA, K., HEGYI, V.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 12,
The work gives a review of therapeutic methods of vitiligo. PUVA
therapy, application of cortisonoids, kelines (including UVA),
phenylalanine (including UVA), melagenines, and laser therapy
represent non-surgical methods.
Surgical methods include application of fluoroacyl following
dermobrasia, transplantation of autologous epiderma, cultivated
epiderma, cultivated melanocytes and micropigmentation by use of
pigment.
Auxiliary methods are represented by administration of carotene,
using measures protecting from light and if necessary cosmetic
treatment.
Entire depigmentation is done in accordance with the extent of
vitiligo, unsuccessful repigmentation and the age of the patient.
The conclusion points out psychosocial aspects and the necessity
of mutual cooperation of both, physician and patient. (Ref. 53.)
Key words: vitiligo; nonsurgical and surgical therapeutic
methods; psychosocial aspects.
Kozna klinika IVZ, NsP Ruzinov a Detska kozna klinika DFN
v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Eugen Hegyi, DrSc.,
Mickiewiczova 3, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia.


SOME BIOCHEMICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN BLOOD OF YOUNG
VEGETARIANS
KRAJCOVICOVA-KUDLACKOVA, M., SIMONCIC, R., CERNA, O., BEDEROVA,
A.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 12,
For the purpose of judgement of the vegetarian population state
of health and nutrition 41 vegetarians were examined, namely
university students in the age of 18--24 years, 36 % of which
were lacto-vegetarians and 64 % lacto-ovo-vegetarians, 22 men and
19 women. Low values of cholesterol and triacylglycerols, content
of HDL-cholesterol to 32 % (close to the value 1.4 mmol per
litre), low atherogenic index, low values of blood pressure and
no case of obesity are favourable factors in the prevention of
atherosclerosis. The only exception is represented by low values
of vitamin C which neither in autumn period achieved the bottom
value of the physiological range (low intake of fruit and
vegetables). Saturation of organism with proteins is good (intake
of full-value mixture of aminoacids in the form of plant and milk
proteins), the values of glycemia were on the level of the bottom
border of the physiological range. Low values of hematological
parameters were detected. The erythrocyte count and levels of
hemoglobin and hematocrit were on the bottom border of the
physiological range; the values of serum iron in the bottom half
of the physiological standard. The vegetarians consumed less
fruit and vegetables (vitamin C facilitates the conversion of the
ferri-form into ferro-form), more cerials (linkage of iron with
the phytic acid), and only scarcely the foliage vegetables. The
incidence of anemias was equal with that in non-vegetarians in
the age of 17--18 years (epidemiologic study of the institute).
The supply of organism by vitamins B1,B2 and B6 were within the
physiological standard. The observed group of young vegetarians
can be favourably evaluated in regard to indicators of prevention
against aterosclerosis (except vitamin C), the supply of organism
with proteins of best quality, vitamins B1, B2 and B6; and on the
opposite as unfavourable in regard to hematological parameters.
(Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 17.)
Key words: vegetarian; erythrocyte; hemoglobin; serum iron;
vitamin C (in leucocytes); vitamins B1, B2, B6 (in erytrocytes);
cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol.
Vyskumny ustav vyzivy v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Ing. Marica Krajcovicova-Kudlackova,
CSc., Vyskumny ustav vyzivy, Limbova 14, 833 37 Bratislava,
Slovakia.


OUR EXPERIENCE WITH INTRAOCULAR LENSES AT THE OPHTALMOLOGIC
CLINIC OF THE FACULTY HOSPITAL IN MARTIN

HALAS, M., BUDINSKY, V., MALIS, V.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 12,
The authors refer to their experience with implantation of 23 IOL
following the extraction of cataract, using the Baikoff's method
(envelope technique). The ratio men:women in the treated group of
patient was 13:10. In 19 patients the resultant vision acuity
achieved the value of 6/18, or even better. Postoperative
complications were represented by a temporary increase of
intraocular pressure (occured in 3 patients), fibrin reaction
(occured in 5 patients), deformation of the pupil (occured in 3
patients) and vitreous body hemorrhage (occured in 1 patient).
The observation period lasted 3--6 months.
The reason of deteriorated vision acuity which occured in 4 cases
was the presence of glaucoma chronicum simplex and degeneratio
maculae luteae. (Tab. 3, Ref. 5.)
Key words: implantation IOL; postoperative astigmatism; binocular
vision.
Ocna klinika MFN v Martine
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Marian Halas, CSc., Jedlikova
1, 811 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.


DEPENDENCE OF MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF AXONS OF MYELINATED
NERVE FIBERS ON AGE OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
OCHODNICKA, E., OCHODNICKY, M., BELEJ, K., FUSEKOVA, E.,
BOSELOVA, L.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 12,
The authors observed the dependence of morphometric indicators of
myelinated nerve fibers on the age of experimental animals. They
performed a morphometric analysis of myelinated nerve fibers,
namely nervus peroneus communis in male adult white rats of 17,
21, 25 and 31 weeks of age.
They discovered that the values of individual morphometric
indicators of axons of myelinated nerve fibers (axon perimeter,
axon circular diameter, axon surface, circular axon surface) and
their distribution varies in dependence on age of experimental
animals. The authors emphasize that observation of experimental
alterations of morphometric indicators of myelinated nerve fiber
axons requires a comparison of findings in groups of animals with
those in control groups of animals of the same age. (Tab. 2, Fig.
4, Ref. 28.)
Key words: morphometric analysis; axon; myelinated fiber;
peripheral nerve; rat; age dependence.
Ustav histologie a embryologie JLF UK v Martine a Katedra
vnutorneho lekarstva I JLF UK v Martine
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Eva Ochodnicka, CSc., Ustav
histologie a embryologie, JLF UK, Mala Hora 4, 037 54 Martin,
Slovakia.



BIOMATERIALS BASED ON COLLAGEN
VIZAROVA, K., REHAKOVA, M., BAKOS, D., VANO, I.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 12,
The review deals with collagen which is an essential natural
polymer for preparing of biomaterials used in different fields of
medicine. Besides discussing the structure of the basic polymer,
the antigenicity of collagen materials as wel as the bioactive
properties of the collagen implants are described. The
substantial part of the paper is oriented to the bioengineering
processes of the preparation of the collagen matrix and composite
structures. For these the physical and chemical modification of
collagen are used. The processes of the modification are shown to
be important in the fixing of the structure, improving the
mechanical properties and influencing and directing the
resorption of collagen materials in organism. Two types of
materials are subdued to a detailed discussion. One which is
combined with glycosoaminoglycanes and serves as the temporary
skin cover and the second type, the structure of which, in the
combination with hydroxylapatite imitates bone. (Tab. 3, Ref.
22.)
Key words: collagen; modification; biomaterial; composite.
Katedra polygrafie a aplikovanej fotochemie
Chemickotechnologickej fakulty STU v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Ing. Milena Rehakova, CSc., KPAF CHTF
STU, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.


MODIFICATION OF PANOPTICAL STAINING METHOD FOR ISOLATED CELLS
PAULIKOVA, E., KOCIKOVA, A., SABOL, M.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 12,
A simple and rapid method of isolated cell staining was achieved
by modification of the Pappenheim's method. It is based on the
following steps: (1) dilution of commonly used stock solutions
May-Grunwald (1:1), Giemsa-Romanowsky (1.25 % v/v), (2) reverse
sequence of the used staining solutions in comparison with the
original method, (3) shorter time of procedure (5 min/slide),
(4) utilization of distilled water of pH 5.1--5.6 for dilution of
solutions and rinsing of slides, (5) it is not necessary to add
serum to cell suspensions. The presented histological method is
suitable for cytomorphological examination of cells. It can be
applied in routine hematological laboratories not equipped with
cytospins. (Fig. 5, Ref. 6.)
Key words: isolated cell smears; staining.
Katedra fyziologie zivocichov a cloveka PrF UPJS v Kosiciach
Address for correspondence: Doc. RNDr. Edita Paulikova, CSc.,
KFZC PF UPJS, Moyzesova 11, 041 67 Kosice, Slovakia.


INTRAARTICULAR AND PERIARTICULAR INJECTION THERAPY
PART II. PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
VOJTASSAK, J.
Bratisl. lek. Listy, 94, 1993, 12,

The author presents his own clinical experience in intra and
periarticular injection therapy. He analyses 54 421 patients
examined within the period of 10 years. The list of frequency of
affections, due to which the patients were examined, is given in
the following order: spine 27.4 %, coxae 18.6 %, knees 18.2 %,
ankles and feet 14.5 %. The intraarticular and periarticular
injections were most often applied into the knee 38 %, arm 22 %,
and coxae 17 %.
Since the evaluation is arduous, the year 1991 was chosen to be
analyzed, as the total of examinations in this year was 2774.
Intraarticular and periarticular injections represent here
a proportion of 15 %. During this year 416 intraarticular and
periarticular injections were performed, which would represent
app. 4160 therapeutic interventions if recalculated per ten
years. During this period cortisonoid arthropathy occurred twice
(0.12 %) and infectious arthritis once (0.024 %).
The best clinical results were accomplished following application
of corticoids which were administered in 222 cases (53.4 %). Yet
in these cases local and general side-effects occurred. (Tab. 4,
Ref. 11.)
Key words: intraarticular injections; periarticular injections;
indications; risks.
Ortopedicka klinika LFUK v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Jozef Vojtassak, CSc., I.
ortopedicka klinika LFUK, Hlboka cesta 7, 811 05 Bratislava,
Slovakia.