HORMONES AND BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN MILK -- RUDIMENT OR
PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNAL?
STRBAK, V.
Human milk and milk of lower mammals contains hormones, growth
factors, as well as secondary messengers. It can be supposed that
in the past this compositon secured a better survival for the
offspring in a certain phase of development. The question is,
what role do the factors play in the physiological development
today. They certainly affect the mammal gland at its own right,
there is evidence about a positive effect on the intestinal
mucosa of infants, even on the regulation of hormonal secretion.
Hence, they represent signals sent by the maternal organism and
affect the reaction of infants. Whether these effects are
physiologically significant in animals and especially in humans
still remains to be proved. A very rapidly progressing research
promises many interesting and surprising findings in the near
future. Objective evaluation of effects of milk composition on
the offspring neither allows us to ignore the possibility of
negative consequences in postreproductive age, since these signs
are not being eliminated by natural selection during evolution.
(Ref. 53.)
Key words: maternal milk; breast-feeding; physiological signal;
evolution.
Bratisl Lek Listy, 95, 1994; 1,

ACTIVITY OF Cu/Zn-SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND CATALASE OF GASTRIC
MUCOSA IN CHRONICA GASTRITIS: EFFECT OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
BENO, I., VOLKOVOVA, K., STARUCHOVA, M., KOSZEGHYOVA, L.

Activity of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)
in gastric mucosa was examined in 12 control subjects and 48
patients with various degree of chronic gastritis. Bioptic
specimens of mucosa for enzymologic essays were sampled during
gastroscopic examination after overnight fasting. Compared to the
control group, a significant increase of SOD activity was
observed in samples from superficial gastritis and only
insignificant changes in samples from atrophic gastritis, while
a remarkable and significant increase in the activity of both SOD
and CAT was observed in samples from gastritis after partial
gastrectomy. Application of vitamin E significantly reduced
activities of SOD and CAT in subjects with chronic gastritis. The
authors suppose that the increase in the activities of
antioxidant enzymes was caused by an increased formation of
superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide, both originsting
from phagocyting leucocytes in inflamed mucosa. The reduced
activity of SOD and CAT after application of vitamin E indicates
an inhibition of the formation of active oxygen species in
gastric mucosa. Relation of chronic gastritis and elevated
concentrations of active oxygen species to gastric carcinogenesis
is discussed in the report. (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 22.)
Key words: Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase; catalase; gastric mucosa;
chronica gastritis; alpha-tocopherol; nutrition.
Bratisl Lek Listy, 95, 1994; 1,

Vyskumny ustav vyzivy v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Igor Beno, DrSc., VUV, Limbova
14, 833 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.

OBSERVATION OF Fe, Zn, Br AND Rb CONCENTRATIONS IN BLOOD OF
PATIENTS WITH THE DIAGNOSIS OF DILATATION CARDIOMYOPATHY BY MEANS
OF THE METHOD OF RADIONUCLIDE X-RAY-FLUORESCENT ANALYSIS
HAVRANEK, E., BUMBALOVA, A., RIECANSKA, E., RIECANSKY, I.,
SCHREINEROVA, Z.

In 68 patients (50 men between the age of 18--59, 18 women
between the age of 20--53) inflicted by dilatation cardiomyopathy
in the stage of severe decompensation (functional NYHA group
III--IV, the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Br, and Rb in whole blood
were assessed by means of radionuclide X-ray-fluorescent
analysis. The Fe concentration (X=401.26½58) was significantly
lower (Ð=0.074), the Zn concentration (X=8.20½0.95) was not
significantly altered, the trace elements concentration Br
(X=32.30½4.61) and Rb (X=4.58½0.38) were remarkably and
significantly higher (Ð=2.10-16, resp. ÐÆ1.10-16) when compared
with concentrations of these elements in healthy controls.
The method of radionuclide X-ray-fluorescent analysis is suitable
for element analysis of blood. Its advantages reside in its
rapidness, polycompetence, sample nondestructiveness and low
requirement of material. (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 17.)
Key words: blood analysis; trace elements; cardiomyopathy;
radionuclide X-ray-fluorescent analysis.
Bratisl Lek Listy, 95, 1994; 1,

Katedra analytickej chemie Farmaceutickej fakulty UK v Bratislave
a Kardiologicka klinika UKVCH v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. RNDr. Emil Havranek, CSc., FaF
UK, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.

PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM -- OUR EXPERIENCE WITH DIAGNOSIS AND
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ITS ADENOMATOUS FORMS
KOTHAJ, P., KREZE Jr., A., INGROVA, S., OKAPEC, S., KAPUSTA, D.

Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndroma) forms about 2 % of disease
in patients with arterial hypertension. Primary aldosteronism is
in 50 % of patients caused by aldosteron producing adenoma.
Surgical treatment of these adenomas is excellent, or with
complete disappearance of the disease, or with simple drug
control of the symptoms after adrenalectomy. In the diagnostic
process we can meet also seemingly divergent results of
investigations. In these cases diagnosis usually requires the
catetrisation of adrenal veins with selected sampling of
aldosteron level and thus determines the localisation of the
tumor. Localised adenomas are indicated for surgical treatment.
The best approach seems to be the abdominal transperitoneal
incision with removal the whole adrenal gland. In this paper
authors describe their experience with 5 patients treated at the
F.D. Roosevelt Hospital in Banska Bystrica. (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref.
25.)
Key words: primary aldosteronism; Conn's syndroma; surgical
treatment; adenoma; aldosteron; abdominal transperitoneal
incision; adrenal gland.
Bratisl Lek Listy, 95, 1994; 1,

Chirurgicka klinika Nemocnice F.D. Roosevelta v Banskej Bystrici,
Interna klinika Nemocnice F.D. Roosevelta v Banskej Bystrici, Rtg
oddelenie Nemocnice F.D. Roosevelta v Banskej Bystrici
a Oddelenie patologie Nemocnice F.D. Roosevelta v Banskej
Bystrici
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Peter Kothaj, CSc., Nemocnica
F.D. Roosevelta, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia.

THE EFFECT OF WATER IMMERSION ON HUMORAL AND URINE PARAMETERS IN
HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND IN THOSE WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS
LAZUROVA, I., LICHARDUS, B., LUCZY, J., ROSOCHOVA, I., TREJBAL,
D., MACHANOVA, Z., HILDEBRAND, T., FEDOROVA, E., MURAR, J.

The authors subjected 10 healthy subjects and 13 patients
inflicted by liver cirrhosis in the stage of vascular
decompensation (ascites and/or oedemas) to water immersion (WI).
The group of healthy subjects responded during WI by
a significant increase of diuresis and sodium diuresis at its
maximum in the third hour, which was accompanied by a decrease of
plasma aldosterone (PA) and a decrease of atrial natriuretic
factor (ANF) and digoxin-like activity (DLA). The decrease of
plasma vasopressin (PAVP) was not statistically significant.
In patients with liver cirrhosis a significant increase of
diuresis and sodium diuresis took place, whilst the response was
significant already in the first hour of WI. Only 3
non-respondents were among the ill patients. In the group of
liver cirrhotics also a significant decrease of AVP, PA, and an
increase of ANF and DLA were recorded, the response of humoral
factors was not significant due to great variability. A long term
administration of diuretics (Spirolakton + Furosemid) did not
decrease the serum K in ill patients.
Hence, WI by means of supervention of volume expansion evokes an
increase of diuresis and natriuresis in both healthy and ill
subjects, the latter with decompensated liver cirrhosis which is
associated with a controversial reaction of sodium diuresis and
sodium retention factors. It is possible to use it as
a supplementary method in the therapy of oedemas due to liver
cirrhosis besides diuretic therapy. (Tab. 2, Fig. 3, Ref. 19.)
Key words: water immersion; liver cirrhosis; vasopressin;
aldosterone; atrial natriuretic factor; digoxin-like activity.
Bratisl Lek Listy, 95, 1994; 1,

II. interna klinika FN v Kosiciach, Ustav experimentalnej
endokrinologie SAV v Bratislave, Oddelenie nuklearnej mediciny FN
v Kosiciach, Detska nemocnica v Kosiciach a Oddelenie klinickej
biochemie FN v Kosiciach
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Ivica Lazurova, Rastislavova
52, O4O O1 Kosice, Slovakia.

SOME ACTUAL ASPECTS OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
SIMKO, F.

The 59th annual conference of the German Society for Heart and
Vessel Research was held from 15th to 17th April 1993 in
Mannheim. More than six hundred lectures and posters were
presented (including those invited from abroad) introducing the
topics of current experimental and clinical cardiology. The
primary lectures dealt with problems of etiology and pathogenesis
of atherosclerosis and its complications. Also the principles of
treatment of ischemic heart disease were discussed. Moreover,
insights into confusing problems of reperfusion injury,
hibernating myocardium and stunned myocardium were introduced.
The presented data have shown that myocardial ischemia, its
etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations and treatment form a bulk
of challenging problems of present cardiology. Many such
phenomena were described, which provoke more questions than give
answers. Only close interdisciplined cooperation can help to
solve some of them in the near future. (Ref. 35.)
Key words: atherosclerosis; ischemic heart disease; hibernating
and stunned myocardium; reperfusion injury; ischemic
preconditioning.
Bratisl Lek Listy, 95, 1994; 1

Department of Pathophysiology, Komensky University, School of
Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
Address for reprints: Doc. MUDr. Fedor Simko, CSc., UPF LFUK,
Sasinkova 4, 811 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.

IMMUNO-ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
JURANKOVA, E.

Communications between the immune and endocrine systems are
bidirectional. A number of reports have demonstrated that many
hormones have profound effects on the immune system. Cytokines
produced by cells of the immune system cause changes in the
neuroendocrine function. It is shown in various animal models
with experimentally induced and spontaneously occurring
autoimmune diseases that alterations of the immuno-endocrine
interactions are involved in the breakdown of self tolerance.
This review discusses the role of disturbances along the
hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal and lactotrophic axes in the
development of autoimmune diseases. This finding of the defective
immuno-endocrine communications may lead to more specific therapy
of autoimmune diseases in man. (Fig. 1, Ref. 51.)
Key words: immunology; cytokines; autoimmune diseases;
immuno-endocrinology.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Ustav experimentalnej endokrinologie SAV v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Dr. Elena Jurankova, CSc., Ustav
experimentalnej endokrinologie SAV, Vlarska 3, 833 06 Bratislava,
Slovakia.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIPID METABOLISM. EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM
APPLICATION OF THYROXINE ON THE LEVEL OF FATTY ACIDS AND ALBUMIN
IN SERUM DURING ONTOGENESIS IN RAT
SAMEL, M., PULLMANN, R., DOBIAS, J., BUKOVSKA, E., LAZAR, J.

In young rats of different age the effect of short-term
administration of thyroxine (T4) on the level of 6 FFA was
determined. The concentration of FFA was expressed in mmol/las
well as the molar ratio to serum albumin. The results show that
the level of the total FFA and the ratio of saturated to
unsaturated (S/U) FFA are high in control animals till the age of
21 days in comparison with adult animals. Administration of T4
caused marked increase in the total FFA in the youngest age group
(8-day-old) and the effect increased with age. Differences in the
trend of changes in individual FFA were found. In the
concentration of myristic acid (C 14:0) a significant increase
was found only till the age of 16 days; in the case of
palmit-oleic acid the increase was significant in all age groups.
T4 caused no significant changes in the values of stearic acid
(18:0). When the data were expressed in terms of the molar ratio
FFA/albumin, the changes were more pronounced. The peak values
found in 16-day-old animals were 33.9½0.75; they represent
a 2-times higher supply of FFA to tissues in comparison with
control animals. In this study it was also found that the
concentration of serum albumin in newborn animals is low and
represents just 57 % of adult values. The short-term application
of T4 caused no changes in the concentration of serum albumin.
The mechanism of T4 action on FFA during ontogenesis was not
explained in this study. The results are discussed in the view of
the effect of thyroid hormone on the expression of some genes for
so called lipogenic enzymes, as well as the transcription of the
gene for S 14 protein which plays some role in lipid metabolism.
(Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 16.)
Key words: fatty acids; albumin; thyroxine; ontogenesis; rat.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Ustav lekarskej biologie JLF UK v Martine a Oddelenie klinickej
biochemie Martinskej fakultnej nemocnice v Martine
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Milan Samel, DrSc., JLF
UK, Mala Hora 4, 037 54 Martin, Slovakia.

Our Observance of the Relation of Toxoplasmosis to Orofacial
Clefts
Holkova, R., Molnarova, A., Nemec, R., Brozman, M., Fabry, J.
Horakova, E.

The authors performed a serological observation of toxoplasmosis
by using the methods of IFT, CFT and ELISA in 118 mothers and
their children with orofacial clefts. The results were compared
with those gained in the control group of healthy mothers and
their children. Titre means of toxoplasma antibodies in inflicted
mothers and their children were higher than in the control group.
The results were evaluated statistically. The authors assume that
a certain proportion of orofacial clefts may be induced by
toxoplasmosis. (Tab. 6, Ref. 13.)
Key words: toxoplasmosis; orofacial clefts; complement fixation
reaction; indirect immunofluorescence test; ELISA.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Parazitologicky ustav LFUK v Bratislave a Klinika plastickej
chirurgie NsP v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: RNDr. Renata Holkova, CSc.,
Parazitologicky ustav LFUK, Sasinkova 4/a, 811 08 Bratislava,
Slovakia.

INFLUENCE OF LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF LEVAMISOLE AND
MURAMYL-DIPEPTID ON FAGOCYTING ACTIVITY OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR
LEUCOCYTES IN DEPENDENCE ON AGEING IN RATS
NICAK, A., MIROSSAY, L., MOJZIS, J., KOHUT, A.

The authors observed an immunostimulating effect of levamisole
and MDP on fagocyting activity (FA) of neutrophile
polymorphonuclear leucocytes in dependence on ageing in rats.
They observed 3 age groups, namely 3, 12 and 18 month old
animals. The substances were administered during a period of 30
days. It was found out that following both substances, FA
elevation in 3 month old animals was significant after 15 days of
medicament administration, though, in the 12 month old animals it
supervened after 15 and also 30 days. In 18 month old animals
following levamisole administration, a significant FA increase
supervened only following 15 days; though after MDP
administration, it supervened after 25 and also 30 days. It is
remarkable that in this group, during administration of both
medicaments, 38 -50% of animals died. The study points out that
age represents a factor which modifies the effect of
immunostimulating substances. (Fig. 2, Ref. 16.)
Key words: levamisole; muramyl-dipeptid; fagocyting activity;
leucocytes; age; immunostimulation.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Ustav farmakologie Lekarskej fakulty Univerzity P.J. Safarika
v Kosiciach
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Andrej Nicak, DrSc.,
Katedra farmakologie LF UPJS, Trieda SNP 1, 040 66 Kosice,
Slovakia.

CEPHALOMETRIC DATA OF 153 CHILDREN AT THE AGE OF TWO AND THREE
FROM THE DISTRICT OF TRNAVA
CVICELOVA, M., KLENOVICOVA, I.

In the years 1990--1991 the authors performed an antropometric
examination in children (total 153) from the district of Trnava.
The antropometric examination consisted of the cefalometric
minimum composed of 10 parameters of neurocranium and
splanchnocranium. The acquired results were compared with dates
which originated in the period preceding the last two decades. In
the group of children from the Trnava district it was discovered
that the cephalic index had been reduced. The authors supossed
that the positioning of infants during the first month of life to
affect the configuration of the head. (Tab. 8, Ref. 14.)
Key words: cefalometry; craniostenoses; head measurements;
cephalic index.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Katera antropologie PF UK v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: RNDr. Marta Cvicelova, CSc., Katedra
antropologie PF UK, Mlynska dolina BII, 842 15 Bratislava,
Slovakia.

QUANTIFICATION OF ANTI-RABIES ANTIBODIES LEVEL IN SERA OF
SUBJECTS IMMUNIZED BY THE IMMUNOENZYMATIC TEST
SULIOVA, J.,  BENISEK, Z., SVRCEK, S.,  DUROVE, A., ZAVADOVA, J.

The authors developed a kit for the purpose of assessment of
anti-rabies antibodies in human sera immunized by the ELISA
immunoenzymatic method. The results of the detection and
quantification of anti-rabies antibodies acquired by the ELISA
method were compared with those originating from classical
procedures (virusneutralizing test on mice, indirect
hemagglutination test), and a sufficient correlation and
sensitivity of the immunoenzymatic method were detected. By means
of the developed test it is possible to detect the perticular
level of anti-rabies virusneutralizing IgG antibodies. (Tab. 2,
Fig. 1, Ref. 25.)
Key words: anti-rabies vaccination; anti-rabies antibodies titer;
ELISA immunoenzymatic method.
Bratisl Lek Listy 95; 1994:

Laboratorium profylaxie lyssy Ustavu experimentalnej veterinarnej
mediciny v Kosiciach a Laboratorium pre vyskum besnoty Univerzitz
veterinarskeho lekarstva v Kosiciach
Address for correspondence: RNDr. Judita Suliova, CSc.,
Univerzita veterinarskeho lekarstva, Komenskeho 73, O41 81
Kosice, Slovakia.

INCIDENCE OF SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY AND DUCHENNE MUSCULAR
DYSTROPHY IN CHILD POPULATION OF MIDDLE SLOVAKIA
KVASNICOVA, M., STYKOVA, J., HUDEC, P.

Spinal muscular atrophy, type I--III and Duchenne muscular
dystrophy belong to the most frequent neuromuscular diseases in
children. The purpose of this work was to determine the incidence
of these two diseases in liveborn children in the years 1975 to
1989 in the south part of middle Slovakia. The common incidence
of all three types of spinal muscular atrophy was 1 in 5631
liveborn children (most frequent was the Werdnig--Hoffmann
disease, type I -- 1 in 12 286).
This fact confirms, that this disease belongs to the most
frequent autosomal recessive diseases in children of our region
too. The incidence of Duchenne muscular dystrophy was 1 in 4827
liveborn boys. The figure is in the range of the published data
of the incidence of this disease. The deletion in the dystrofin
gene was proved in 70 % of affected boys. (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref.
24.)
Key words: spinal muscular atrophy; Duchenne muscular dystrophy;
incidence.
Bratisl Lek Listy, 95, 1994; 1,

Oddelenie lekarskej genetiky Nemocnice F.D. Roosevelta v Banskej
Bystrici, Neurologicke oddelenie Nemocnice F.D. Roosevelta
v Banskej Bystrici, Oddelenie patologie Nemocnice F.D. Roosevelta
v Banskej Bystrici
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Marta Kvasnicova, Nemocnica
F.D. Roosevelta, Namestie L. Svobodu 1, 975 17 Banska Bystrica,
Slovakia.

URETHRAL DIVERTICLES IN FEMALE PATIENTS
MALATINSKY, E.

We present results of 3 female patients with periurethral
abscesses and 1 patient with urethral diverticle, who were
hospitalized in our department. The aim of this study is to draw
attention on incidence in women including those without
urological sympatology. (Fig. 2, Ref. 5.)
Key words: urethral diverticles; periurethral abscesses; urology;
urethral stricture; obstetrics.
Bratisl Lek Listy 95; 1994:

Urologicko-andrologicke oddelenie FN v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Ervin Malatinsky, Urologicke
oddelenie FN, Hlboka 7, 811 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF GLUCOSE ON Ca2+-PUMP IN ERYTHROCYTES:
POSSIBLE ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF
DIABETES
LEHOTSKY, J.

An animal model in vitro condition was used in experiments, the
aim of which was to test the effect of typical diabetes glucose
concentration on the purified and reactivated Ca2+-ATPase with
a defined phospholipid composition. Inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase
activity depends on glucose concentration in a time-dependent
manner. It does not depend on phospholipid content, which
suggests direct glycation of the enzyme. The altered activity of
erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase by glycation may lead in vivo to
imbalance in the ionic transport and may contribute to the
development of chronic complications of diabetes. (Tab. 2, Fig.
2, Ref. 16.)
Key words: erythrocytes; Ca2+-transporting ATPase; acidic
phospholipids; glucose; diabetes.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95,

Ustav lekarskej biochemie JLF UK v Martine
Address for correspondence: Doc. RNDr. Jan Lehotsky, CSc., Ustav
lekarskej biochemie JLF UK, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.

OBSERVATION OF GENOTOXICITY OF ENVIRONMENT BY USE OF THREE
CYTOGENETIC METHODS: CAHPL, SCS, AND MN TEST
KUKURA,, F., KORINKOVA, L.

The work`s aim is to observe environmental genotoxicity in the
town of Ruzomberok and its surroundings in relation to the
control group. The authors used three cytogenetic methods and
compared their mutual sensitivity: chromosome analysis of human
peripheral lymphocytes (CAHPL), micronuclear test (MN test) and
differential staining of sister chromatides (SCS).
The authors examined four groups of 30 children from the age of
6 to 8 years, originating from the localities of
Cernova-Hrboltova, Stiavnica-Ludrova and Sliace. Individual
localities are in various distances from the source of pollution
(the industrial sewage treatment plant - STP and cellulose and
paper factory - CPF). The control group contained children from
the suburbs of Martin where no impact of industrial exhalations
was assumed.
For the purpose of evaluation of cytogenetic analysis results,
nonparametric tests (K-S test and Z - test) were used. The
results given in 5 tables gave evidence that the most sensitive
method of those used by the authors for the purpose of
genotoxicity evaluation is CAHPL. The SCS method is less
sensitive than CAHPL, but still more sensitive than MN test and
suitable as a supplementary method for detection of exposition to
genotoxic substances. (Tab. 5, Fig. 3, Ref. 18.)
Key words: genotoxicity; environment; CAHPL; MN test; SCS; sewage
treatment plant; cellulose-paper factory.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95,

Ustav klinickej genetiky JLF UK v Martine
Address for correspondence: RNDr. Frantisek Kukura, UKG JLF UK,
Kalinciakova 2, 036 07 Vrutky, Slovakia.

ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC
PROCTOCOLITIS: INFLUENCE OF 5-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID (SALOFALK)
BENO, I., STARUCHOVA, M., VOLKOVOVA, K., MEKINOVA, D., BOBEK, P.,
JURCOVICOVA, M.

There is a close relationship between inflammation and reactive
oxygen species (ROS). Primary source of ROS are activated
leucocytes. Antioxidant system protects organism against the
deleterious effect of ROS. The aim of the present study was to
follow the acitivity of antioxidant system in blood and colonic
mucosa of 17 patients with idiopathic proctocolitis. All patients
were treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (Salofalk), 7 patients
with a combination of prednison. The following biochemical
parameters were ascertained: malondialdehyde (MDA) and
ceruloplasmin in serum, glutathione (GSH) and activities of
superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in
erythrocytes and colonic mucosa. Before treatment there was
found: an increase of MDA and all antioxidant enzyme activities,
an a decrease of GSH. After 3 weeks of therapy in 59 % of
patients, initial clinical remission was observed without serious
improvement of biochemicalparameters. After 10 weeks of therapy
the clinical cours improved in all patients, a significant
decrease of MDA and activities of all antioxidant enzymes as well
as an increase of GSH were stated. The authors assume that IP was
positively affected by 5-ASA, and in some patients by its
combination with prednisom. The effect of 5-ASA is based on its
known antiinflammatory impact and its functioning as
a "scavanger" of free radicals (or ROS). (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref.
23.)
Key words: idiopathic proctocolitis; antioxidant defense;
5-aminosalicylic acid; antioxidant enzymes.
Bratisl. Lek. Listy 1994; 95,

Vyskumny ustav vyzivy v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Igor Beno, DrSc., VUV, Limbova
14, 833 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.

PATIENTøS AGE AND RESULTS OF TREATMENT IN DISCOGENIC CAUDA EQUINA
SYNDROME
Clinical study
SULLA, I.

Cauda equina syndrome is a feared complication of lumbar disc
disease. Despite of early surgery it frequently leaves persistent
effects. Localisation, type, and duration of spinal nerve roots
compression are quoted as the most important factors influencing
the results of treatment. Statistical evaluation of data acquired
by examinations of 58 persons operated on for this disease et the
Department of Neurosurgery in Kosice within the period from
January 1st, 1982 to December 31st, 1991 has shown that the
further important facts are ageing of tissues and impairment of
microcirculation. In patients over the age of 45 the recovery of
motor and sexual functions, as well as the voluntary control of
rectal sphincters, and the working ability were significantly
worse. It is suggested thereby that in elderly persons with
a proven intervertebral disc disease an early surgical
intervention is indicated. (Tab. 7, Ref. 23.)
Key words: patientøs age; syndroma caudae equinae.
Bratisl. Lek. Listy 1994; 95,

Neurochirurgicka klinika LF UPJS v Kosiciach
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Igor Sulla, Neurochirurgicka
klinika LF UPJS, Trieda SNP 1, 040 66 Kosice, Slovakia.

VOLUME OF THE BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF
INFRAVESICAL OBSTRUCTION
SVIHRA, J., POULSEN, A.L., SCHOU, J.

In a prospective study group of 22 patients (100 %) we analyzed
the relationship between the volume of benign prostatic
hypertrophy (BPH) and infravesical obstruction. We diagnosed
obstruction with urodynamic measurement (pressure flow studies)
in 16 patients (72.7 %). Volume of BPH was investigated by the
transrectal ultrasound. We found obstruction in 11 from 14
patients (63.6 %) with BPH¾30 ml and in 5 from 8 patients (36.4
%) with BPH<<30 ml. The diagnostic accuracy of prostatic volume
measurement in the diagnosis of infravesical obstruction was only
63.6 %. The volume of BPH did not correlate with the infravesical
obstruction. (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 14.)
Key words: obstruction; pressure flow studies; prostatic
hypertrophy; ultrasonography; urodynamics.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Urologicka klinika JLF UK v Martine a Urologicka klinika Herlev,
Univerzitna nemocnica v Kodani, Dansko
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Jan Svihra, Urologicka klinika
JLF UK Kollarova 2, 036 59 Martin, Slovakia.

AN UNUSUAL FINDING ON THE EYELID
HALAS, M., HASA, J., VYROSTEKOVA, V.

The authors describe an unusual case of tick on the patient`s
eyelid. The ophtalmologist considers the case as being benign.
From the epidemiologic point of view it is necessary to consider
the possibility of transmission of some infectious diseases by
this mode. Ticks transmit the early summer meningocephalitis and
Lym borreliosis. (Ref. 4.)
Key words: Tick Ixodes Ricinus; early summer meningocephalitis;
Lym borreliosis.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Address for correspondence: Klinika oftalmologie LFUK a FN,
Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69 Bratislava, Slovakia.

THE EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC STIMULATION ON THE DEPRESSIVE
SYNDROME
The First Clinical Experiences
HALMO, M., RATTAJ, J., CHOCHOL, D., KALMANCOKOVA, A., JURAS, L.

The authors describe the antidepressive effect of stimulation by
static electromagnetical field of low induction, its value being
12.5 mT. They have no reference of any detail publications
analyzing this problem. They document the occurrence of the
antidepressive effect by the results of their study on three
groups of patients with the depressive syndrome, who were
hospitalized in a mental hospital. 45 patients of the first group
were subdued to a single stimulation of static electromagnetical
field of 12.5 mT induction value, in the time schedule of 3x3
minutes with one minute breaks between the periods of
electromagnetical stimulation. In 55 % of them, the
antidepressive effect has been observed, although of short
duration. The experiments in the second group were arranged as
being double blind. Patients in the stimulated group reacted by
positive antidepressive effect more often than in the placebo
group; the level of significance was 5 %. In the third group of
19 patients, the stimulation was applied repeatedly. There was no
evidence of confirmation of the assumption that repetition of
stimulation could possibly stabilize and prolong its
antidepressive effect, particularly by applying our used
induction values. In spite of these facts it is possible to
assume that in future the described antidepressive effect, after
finding the appropriate manner, will be of use in therapeutical
practice. (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 7.)
Key words: depressive syndrome; stimulation; static
electromagnetical field.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

INTERDAT Pezinok pri Psychiatrickej liecebni v Pezinku
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Martin Halmo, INTERDAT,
Psychiatricka liecebna, Malacka cesta 63, 902 10 Pezinok,
Slovakia.

QUANTIFICATION OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE FROM THE CERVICOVAGINAL
AREA OF NONPREGNANT WOMEN WITH GONORRHOEA
PEC, J., MORAVCIK, P., LAZAROVA, Z.

The authors studied quantification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from
the cervicovaginal area of 53 nonpregnant women with gonorrhoea.
The variability of the amount of gonococci in cervicovaginal
secretion was rather high from 1,0.101 to 1,1.108 cfu N.
gonorrhoeae in 1 ml. Maximum values of N. gonorrhoeae have been
found intra menses (from 1,0.102 to 3,0.108 cfu N. gonorrhoeaa in
1 ml). These findings allow the authors to make some, already
more or less known, conclusions usable in clinical practice.
(Fig. 2, Ref. 3.)
Key words: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; cervicovaginal area;
gonorrhoea; menses.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Klinika dermatovenerologie MF NsP v Martine
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Juraj Pec, CSc., Klinika
dermatovenerologie MF NsP, Kollarova 10, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.

PREVENTION IN GERIATRIC MEDICINE
LITOMERICKY, S., CERNAK, P.

The authors point out the actual relation of prevention in
geriatric medicine, and specific traits of prevention and its
significance in the care of the aged. They deal with
circumstances which compel the necessity to think in categories
of prevention also in geriatry. They draw attention to the
significance of risk factors in the aged and preventive
interventions which are currently preferred. They deal with the
relations of morbidity, incapability and the mortality rate and
their dynamic relation in the future. They emphasize the fact
that in spite of progress in the diagnostics and therapy, it is
difficult to achieve improvement of the state of health in the
aged, unless there are applied intervention of health support and
prevention in the diseases, the origin of which can possibly be
averted. (Tab. 2, Ref. 26.)
Key words: geriatric medicine ; risk factors; preventive
intervention.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Katedra geriatrie a gerontologie IVPZ v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Stefan Litomericky, CSc.,
Katedra geriatrie a gerontologie IVPZ, Krajinska 91, 825 56
Bratislava, Slovakia.

DNA ANALYSIS IN CLASSICAL PHENYLKETONURIA -- SCREENING FOR
MUTATIONS AND HAPLOTYPE ANALYSIS IN SLOVAK FAMILIES
KADASI, L., POLAKOVA, H., FERAKOVA, E., KRIVUSOVA, T., HUDECOVA,
S., SZOMOLAYOVA, I., STRNOVA, J., HRUSKOVIC, I., FERAK, V.

Authors in this contribution present the results of screening for
mutations in PAH gene responsible for classical phenylketonuria
(PKU), and that of haplotype analysis, based on DNA analysis in
49 Caucasian families with at least one affected child from
Slovak Republic. The clearly predominant PKU mutation in this
population was the R408W with proportion of 45.9 % among all PKU
mutations. In addition four other mutations have been identified:
IVS12nt1 -- 10.2 %, R158Q -- 7.1 %, R261Q -- 7.1 %, and R252W --
2.0 %. the overall proportion of identified PKU mutations equals
72.4 %. Considering the fact, that these mutations are amenable
to rapid and rather simple detection using PCR, the DNA analysis
is recommended as a method of direct diagnosis in clinical
practice as well as in prevention. (Tab. 2, Ref. 23.)
Key words: phenylketonuria; DNA analysis; PCR; detection of
mutations.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Ustav molekularnej fyziologie a genetiky SAV v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: RNDr. Ludovit Kadasi, CSc., UMFG SAV,
Vlarska 5, 833 34 Bratislava, Slovakia.

THE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE TREATMENT AND HIGH-RESOLUTION
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
UHLIAR, R., HULIN, I., PETRASOVA, H., SLAVKOVSKY, P., KOLLAROVA,
H., HATALA, R., DUBRAVA, M.

After six months of antihypertensive treatment the regression of
the initially present myocardial hypertrophy was observed: The
decrease in blood pressure values is in correlation with the
regression of the left ventricular hypertrophy. No correlation
with parameters of high-resolution electrocardiography was noted.
In one patient, a deterioration of late potentials was observed.
It became more pronounced following the treatment.The monitoring
of antihypertensive treatment effects by echocardiography and
high-resolution electrocardiography may be therefore considered
useful, especially in expected regression of the left ventricular
hypertrophy. In individual cases of very outstanding regression,
there exists the potential possibility of the process, resulting
in the risk of arrhythmogenic substrate formation and subsequent
generation of dysrhythmias. (Fig. 2, Ref. 15.)
Key words: hypertension; treatment; left ventricular hypertrophy;
echocardiography; high-resolution electrocardiography; late
potentials.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Interne oddelenie NsP MV SR v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Rudolf Uhliar, Interne
oddelenie NsP MV SR, Frana Krala 14, 811 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.

METAPHYLAXY AND THE TREATMENT OF CYSTINE LITHIASIS -- SPECIAL
REPORT OF OWN EXPERIENCE
LUPTAK, J., KLIMENT, J., PULLMANN, R., KOSKA, L., HALASA, I.

The autors presented their own experience with treatment of
cystine lithiasis in 7 patients, which has been performed during
the course the past of ten years. Identification of cystine was
performed by concrement submitted examination, using
a polarizating microscope, and x-ray difractometric structural
analysis. After stone extraction the patients were treated by
a high fluid intake (diuresis over 2.5 l), alcalizating treatment
involving citrates (Alkalit Spofa), and Penicilamin (Spofa), or
Thiola (Santen) which are currently proved to be the most optimal
approach. Recurrence of stones requiring percutaneous treatment,
was observed in one of the patients during five years
metaphylaxy. Another patient of the same group had three times
stated cystine stone recurrence which passed spontaneously. (Tab.
2, Fig. 1, Ref. 14.)
Key words: cystine lithiasis; metaphylaxy; treatment.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Urologicka klinika JLF UK v Martine a Oddelenie klinickej
biochemie MFN v Martine
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Jan Luptak, Urologicka klinika
JLF UK, Kollarova 2, 036 59 Martin, Slovakia.

THE HEART--LUNG RELATION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
HAVELOVA, L.

Lung function tests were performed in 39 patients with
haemodynamically significant ventricular septal defect (age
3--20 years, median 10 years). We found pulmonary restriction in
47 % of patients, pulmonary hyperinflation in 50 % of patients,
obstruction of smaller airways in 20 % of patients
preoperatively. Observed lung function disorders were not related
to the volume of the left to right shunt and the mean pulmonary
arterial pressure.
The surgical correction of VSD lead only to significant
improvement of hyperinflation. The rest abnormal findings
persisted for several years postoperatively.
We conclude that the surgical repair of significant ventricular
septal defect beyond 9.5 years of age does not prevent chronic
lungs changes. The clinical implications of these findings yet
remain to be established. (Fig. 3, Ref. 8.)
Key words: lungs function; lung function tests; ventricular
septal defect; intracardial correction.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Kardiocentrum Detskej fakultnej nemocnice v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Lubica Havelova, CSc.,
Kardiocentrum DFN, Limbova 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia.

OBSERVATION OF GENOTOXICITY OF ENVIRONMENT BY USE OF CYTOGENETIC
METHODS: CAHPL, SCS, AND MN TEST
KUKURA,, F., KORINKOVA, L.

The work`s aim is to observe environmental genotoxicity in the
town of Ruzomberok and its surroundings in relation to the
control group. The authors used three cytogenetic methods and
compared their mutual sensitivity: chromosome analysis of human
peripheral lymphocytes (CAHPL), micronuclear test (MN test) and
differential staining of sister chromatides (SCS).
The authors examined four groups of 30 children from the age of
6 to 8 years, originating from the localities of
Cernova-Hrboltova, Stiavnica-Ludrova and Sliace. Individual
localities are in various distances from the source of pollution
(the industrial sewage treatment plant - STP and cellulose and
paper factory - CPF). The control group contained children from
the suburbs of Martin where no impact of industrial exhalations
was assumed.
For the purpose of evaluation of cytogenetic analysis results,
nonparametric tests (K-S test and Z test) were used. The most
sensitive method of those used by the authors for the purpose of
genotoxicity evaluation is CAHPL. The SCS method is less
sensitive than CAHPL, but still more sensitive than MN test and
suitable as a supplementary method for detection of exposition to
genotoxic substances. (Tab. 5, Fig. 3, Ref. 18.)
Key words: genotoxicity; environment; CAHPL; MN test; SCS; sewage
treatment plant; cellulose-paper factory.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95,

Ustav klinickej genetiky JLF UK v Martine
Address for correspondence: RNDr. Frantisek Kukura, UKG JLF UK,
Kalinciakova 2, 036 07 Vrutky, Slovakia.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF INSULINOMAS
KOTHAJ, P., VESELY, F., MAJERIK, V., PELIKAN, A., OKAPEC, S.,
HUDCOVA, D.

The paper summarizes experience with diagnosis and surgical
treatment of insulinomas of the pancreas. Experience with three
patients subdued to surgical treatment at the Department of
Surgery of F.D. Roosevelt Hospital in Banska Bystrica confirm the
rules of effective treatment of insulinomas: importance of
neurological symptoms in early diagnosis, importance of
angiography as the best method for localization of insulinomas in
comparison with ultrasonography and CT. In addition, algorithm of
the surgical treatment of insulinomas together with the
specificity of the surgical technique were confirmed. (Fig. 5,
Ref. 11.)
Klucove slova: insulinomas; surgical treatment; angiography;
resection of pancreas.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Chirurgicka klinika, Oddelenie patologie a Radiodiagnosticke
oddelenie Nemocnice F.D. Roosevelta v Banskej Bystrici
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Peter Kothaj, CSc., Chirurgicke
oddelenie NsP F.D. Roosevelta, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia.

31PNMR SPECTROSCOPY IN ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PANCREATITIS
HUTAN, M., POTICNY, V.

In order to investigate the changes in phosphoglucose metabolism
in acute experimental pancreatitis, the authors utilized the
measuring cell NMR spectroscopy. The experimental pancreatitis
had been evoked by both the method of ligature of lateral
pancreas ducts and that of the duodenal blind loop. These methods
evoke a morphological response, namely edematous and necrotizing
pancreatitis. Gradual reduction of macroergic phosphate binds and
augmentation of anorganic phosphates represent the principal
change in NMR spectrum. The clinical picture provides evidence of
the exhaustion of highly energetic phosphate compounds which are
necessary for the maintenance of integrity of the pancreas tissue
in acute experimental pancreatitis. The discussion includes the
possibilities and limitations of the NMR spectroscopy. (Fig. 4,
Ref. 13.)
Key words: 31P-NMR measuring; cell spectroscopy; experimental
pancreatitis; macroergic phosphate binds.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Chirurgicke oddelenie NsP Ruzinov v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Martin Hutan, CSc., Chirurgicke
oddelenie NsP, Ruzinovska 6, 826 22 Bratislava, Slovakia.

MEDICAL AND ECONOMICAL ADVANTAGES OF PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL
ANGIOPLASTY
PROCHOTSKY, A., SLEZAK, V., PRIECEL, L.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has been used for
nearly 30 years. This method was refused in the past because of
lack of knowledge of its effectiveness, and insufficient
technical equipment for its safe realization. The further factor
negatively affecting usage of this method in common clinical
practice in occlusive diseases of the lower limbs arteries was an
essentially shorter long-term patency than that ofter
reconstructive arterial surgery. Currently this method is
widespread in common clinical practice and with the help of
angioscopy, argon-laser angioplasty and rotary transluminal
catheter system (ROTACS) it can still be improved. In this study
the authors deal in detail with medical and economical advantages
of this widely used method. (Fig. 2, Ref. 17.)
Key words: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; lower
extremities atherosclerosis; medical and economical advantages of
PTA.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

II. chirurgicka klinika LFUK, NsP Stare mesto v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Augustin Prochotsky, II.
chirurgicka klinika LFUK, NsP Stare mesto, Bezrucova 5, 811 08
Bratislava, Slovakia.

THE ROLE OF SEROTONIN IN IMMUNITY RESPONSE REGULATION
JAHNOVA, E.

The author presents in her study the currently known serotonin
effects on the immunity system, and the possibility of
medicamentous utilization of agonists and antagonists of
serotonin receptors in order to ellucidate the effect of the
5-HT immunomodulating mechanism. 5-HT affects the antibody
formation in sense of its reduction, the formation being evoked
by antigenic stimuli. The mechanism involved however, is not
entirely clear. The particular receptor being co-responsible in
DNA synthesis inhibition is 5-TH1. The reduction of HLA-antigens
expressiveness, which takes place due to serotonin, is
intermediated by the classical 5-HT2 receptor. The procedure
takes place in cooperation with 5-HT1A receptor. The
participation of serotonin is assumed in pathogenesis of various
diseases, there is however, relatively little knowledge about its
effect on immunity system. (Ref. 43.)
Key words: serotonin; immunity response; CNS.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Oddelenie klinickej imunologie Ustavu preventivnej a klinickej
mediciny v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Ing. Eva Jahnova,CSc., Oddelenie
klinickej imunologie UPKM, Limbova 14, 833 01 Bratislava,
Slovakia.

THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN THE PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
GINTER, E.

The potential role of natural antioxidants (vitamin C -- ascorbic
acid, vitamin E -- tocopherols, carotenoids and selenium) in the
prevention of cardiovascular diseases is reviewed. It is probable
that free oxygen radicals and oxidatively modified particles of
low-density lipoproteins (LDL) participate in the development of
atherosclerotic lesions. A great number of experimental,
cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective epidemiological
studies found a substantial increase of the risk of ischemic
heart disease and stroke in individuals and populations with low
intake of antioxidants from diet. Extremely high cardiovascular
mortality in Slovakia and other postcommunist countries could be
only partially explained by "classical" risk factors
(hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and smoking). In the
communist European countries there was a high consumption of
spirits, cigarettes and salt, polluted environment and low
consumption of the chief source of antioxidants -- fruits. In
these countries emphasis should be given to the prevention of
antioxidant deficiencies by the increase of fruit and vegetable
consumption, and to the decrease in salt, spirit, cigarettes and
saturated fat consumption. (Fig. 12, Ref. 30.)
Key words: antioxidants; vitamin C; vitamin E; carotenoids;
selenium; cardiovascular diseases.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Ustav preventivnej a klinickej mediciny v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: RNDr. Emil Ginter, DrSc., Ustav
preventivnej a klinickej mediciny, Limbova 14, 833 01 Bratislava,
Slovakia.

NK CELLS AND THEIRS CHARACTERISTICS AND IMMUNOGENETIC ASPECTS
TOTH, J.

This review summarizes knowledge of history and development of
the "new" biological phenomenon.
NK cells play a pivotal role in immune surveillance against
tumors and virus-infected cells. They are also involved in
natural resistance to bone marrow transplantations and in the
regulation of the growth and activity of immunocompetent and
hematopoietic cells.
Unlike cytotoxic T lymphocytes NK cell activity is not dependent
on thymus maturation and an expression of class I MHC antigens.
They lack immunological memory and develop directly from
precursor cells of the bone marrow.
The lytic activity of NK cells is associated with the population
of large granular lymphocytes (LGL). In human peripheral blood
there is about 5 % of LGL.
A great deal of the study is given to still actual about the
possible role of class I MHC antigen expression in regulation of
NK-cell cytotoxicity. (Fig. 1, Tab. 2, Ref. 118.)
Key words: NK cell history; characterization of NK cells; NK cell
activity; class I MHC antigens.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Imunologicky ustav LFUK v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: RNDr. Jozef Toth, CSc., Imunologicky
ustav LFUK, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.

EFFECTIVITY OF LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN DEPENDENCE ON THE
PERFORMED TECHNIQUE
KOTHAJ, P., PECHAN, J.

The study compares two groups, both in number of 100 patients
subdued to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In each group
a different surgical technique was performed. The comparison
study regarded duration of surgical performance, incidence of
postoperative complications, surgical morbidity and mortality, as
well as duration of hospitalization and return to full activity.
The surgical interventions were performed at two distinct
workplaces. Neither of the mentioned parameters yielded
significant differences in dependence on the utilized operation
technique.
The entire group of 200 cholecystectomic performances was
thereafter compared with a comparable group of classical
cholecystectomies which had been performed at the identical
hospitals. The mentioned parameters yield statistically
significant differences in postoperative morbidity,
hospitalization duration and return to full professional
activity. The results speak in favour of laparoscopic
cholecystectomy. The duration of surgical performace, number of
postoperative complications requiring reoperation, and mortality
do not yield significant differences.
The comparison of the observed parameters in relation to age
categories presents laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the method
suitable also for older patients above 65 years of age. (Tab. 2,
Fig. 2, Ref. 6.)
Key words: laparoscopic cholecystectomy; surgical technique;
surgery; cholangiography
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Chirurgicka klinika Nemocnice F.D. Roosevelta v Banskej Bystrici
a II. chirurgicka klinika LFUK v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Peter Kothaj, CSc., Chirurgicka
klinika Nemocnice F.D. Roosevelta, 975 17 Banska Bystrica,
Slovakia.

CORIUM GRAFT IN RECONSTRUCTION OF VENTRAL HERNIAS
HUTAN, M., SALAPA, M., JAMRISKA, J.

The authors present a group of 28 patients who after utilization
of corium grafts were analyzed by means of a retrospective
fill-in-form method. The most frequent plastic surgery is s.
Mayo, larger defects required s. Chorvath. Utilization of corium
grafts from resected skin requires to include the removal of
epiderma and subcutaneous fat, and suture under traction. On the
basis of the presented results, the authors recomend this type of
repair of abdominal wall defects. (Tab. 6, Ref. 17.) Key words:
corium graft; ventral hernias; plastic surgery.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Chirurgicke oddelenie NsP Ruzinov v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Martin Hutan, CSc., Chirurgicke
oddelenie NsP Ruzinov, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.

PSYCHOSOMATIC ASPECTS IN DERMATOLOGY
OLVEDYOVA, J.

The study presents a review about the influence of psychical
factors in dermatology and their participation in origination of
psychosomatic skin diseases. The skin is the visibly organ which
reflects psychosomatic influences, and displays acute sensation
processes. Psychical factors participate in origination of skin
disease, their course and eventual recurrence. (Ref. 15.)
Key words: psychodermatology; psychosomatic influence.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Kozne oddelenie Nemocnice s poliklinikou v Malackach
Address for correspondence: MUDr.Jana Olvedyova, 908 75 Studienka c. 99, Slovakia.

ENDOTHELIUM AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES
BAUER, V., GERGEL, D.

Recent experimental findings suggest that we should now consider
some diseases as "endotheliopathies" and some others as
"ROS-pathies". The presented review summarizes our knowledge on
the role of endothelium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in
physiological processes and diseases.
The vascular endothelium provides vital and responsive
infrastructure of vessels for the circulation of blood and
homeostasis of all organs. Due to its exposure to mechanical,
chemical and biological factors, including ROS and the nature of
its responses to these insults, it is involved in a wide variety
of disease processes. Oxidative stress occurs also in many human
diseases. Our understanding of the role played by the endothelium
and ROS in disease pathology are still insufficient. To determine
if endothelial and ROS-induced changes in hypertension,
atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion etc. are the primary cause
of specific diseases or merely secondary effects remains to be
clarified in several areas from inflammatory processes to
cardiovascular diseases. Protection of the endothelium and
antioxidant therapy represents a potential successful therapeutic
approache in different diseases. In the near future the
endothelial and free radical research will surely clarify many of
our still unanswered questions. (Tab. 1, Fig. 6, Ref. 234.)
Key words: endothelium; endothelial factors; reactive oxygen
species; vascular smooth muscle; cardiovascular diseases.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Ustav experimentalnej farmakologie SAV v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: Doc. MUDr. Viktor Bauer, DrSc., Ustav
experimentalnej farmakologie SAV, Dubravska cesta 9, 842 16
Bratislava, Slovakia.

BREAST CANCER DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION.
VESELY, F., PELIKAN, A., LACA, L., HUDCOVA, D.

The authors describe two patients with breast cancer which was
manifested during pregnancy. The authors deal with diagnostic and
therapeutic possibilities, depending on the stage of disease and
the stage of the pregnancy. A delay of the diagnosis and adjuvant
therapy deteriorates the prognosis of this disease. (Fig. 2, Ref.
13.)
Key words: brest cancer; pregnancy; diagnosis; therapy.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Chirurgicka klinika NsP F.D. Roosevelta v Banskej Bystrici
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Frantisek Vesely, Chirurgicka
klinika NsP F.D. Roosevelta, Kalinciakova 16, 974 00 Banska
Bystrica, Slovakia.

RENAL ONCOCYTOMA, ITS MORPHOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
MICHALKO, T., ZELENAK, P., VALANSKY, L., SOKOL, L., LACHVAC, L.

Oncocytoma includes 3--5 % of all renal tumors. It does not
manifest itself by typical symptoms and often is diagnosticallly
confirmed in coincidence with examinations of other diseases. The
preoperative diagnosis of oncocytoma is difficult. Oncocytoma
must be taken into consideration in cases of bilateral
multilocular tumors of the kidney. Neither RTG, USG and CT
examinations, nor angiography give the specific picture of
oncocytoma. One of the possibilities of diagnosis confirmation is
the peroperative biopsy. If the latter confirms the diagnosis,
then according to possibilities, operation with maintenance of
unimpaired renal parenchyme should be performed. The prognosis of
the disease is good and depends on the stage of cellular
differentiation of tumor. The study presents observations of 4
patients subdued to surgery at the Urologic Clinic FHwP in Kosice
since 1981 to 1990. The patients survive without metastases for
3--4 years. (Fig. 2, Ref. 20.)
Key words: renal oncocytoma; kidney.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Urologicka klinika FNsP v Kosiciach
Address for correspondence: MUDr. Tibor Michalko, CSc.,
Urologicka klinika FNsP, Trieda SNP 1, 040 66 Kosice, Slovensko.

NK CELL ACTIVITY AND INHIBITION WITH ANTI-HLA MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES
TOTH, J., HUNAKOVA, L.

The authors followed the effect of anti-HLA class I and II
monoclonal antibodies on cytotoxic activity of human NK cells.
The mAb 18/5, 23/9 and Ñ2m (anti-HLA class I) as well as mAb
20/DR, 30/DR, 13/DP and FB6/DP (anti-HLA class II) were used.
Both groups of the antibodies were either tested directly during
the cytotoxic test, or NK cells were pre-incubated with them.
The application of the antibodies results in an inhibition of NK
cell activity by the average of one third. However, the
pre-incubation of NK cells with the mAb has not been so
unambiguous. On the other hand, the aplication of anti-HLA class
I and class II mAb had no effect on the interaction of NK cells
with their target cells. We can conclude that HLA molecules might
play a role in the late stages of the cytolytic mechanism of NK
cells. (Fig. 1, Tab. 2, Ref. 21.)
Key words: NK cell activity; monoclonal antibodies; anti-HLA.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Imunologicky ustav LFUK v Bratislave
Address for correspondence: RNDr. Jozef Toth, CSc., Imunologicky
ustav LFUK, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.

PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL USE OF LIVE ANIMALS AND HUMANM FETAL TISSUE
IN THE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
DOBIAS, J., BUKOVSKA, E., SAMEL, M.

The regulations for the protection of experimental animals which
are suggested are based on internationally recognized ethical
principles. The research institutions should establish and
maintain appropriate policies and procedures to ensure the human
care and use of live vertebrate animals. Recent developments in
the use of human fetal tissue for therapeutical transplantations
represent some serious ethical problems. Proposals for the
ethical use of human fetal tissues are suggested. (Ref. 8.)
Key words: human fetal tissue; live animals; biomedical research;
principles of ethical use.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1994; 95:

Ustav lekarskej biologie JLF UK v Martine
Address for correspondence: Prof. MUDr. Milan Samel, DrSc., Ustav
lekarskej biologie, JLF UK, 037 54 Martin, Slovakia.