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Scientific Literature
Volume 19 / No. 2 / 2000
PETER FLEISCHER, MÁRIA GABRIELA OSTROLUCKÁ, ADELA LUDVOVÁ
Research Station, State Forest of the Tatra National Park, 059 60 Tatranska Lomnica,
The Slovak Republic
Institute of Plant Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademicka 2, 950 07 Nitra, The
Slovak Republic
Institute of Forest Ecology, Branch for Woody Plants Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences,
Akademicka 2, 949 01 Nitra, The Slovak Republic
Fleischer P., Ostrolucká M.G., Ludvová A.: Influence of environmental factors on generative reproductive ability of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Tatra National Park. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 117-124, 2000.
In the year 1995 during elevated spruce flowering and seed yield we collected 76 pollen and 48 seed samples from individual trees from the southern slopes of the Tatra Mountains. Pollen and seed germination capacity and pollen tube length were used as indicators of generative reproductive ability. The influence of selected environmental factors such as health status, biosociological rank, traffic and altitude above sea level on reproductive ability was analysed. Results showed variable response of individual trees and indicated the role of anthropogenic stress on generative reproductive ability.
Ekológia (Bratislava),Vol. 19, No. 2, 117-124, 2000
Štefan Šmelko, Ľubomír Scheer
Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, The
Slovak Republic
Šmelko Š., Scheer Ľ.: Dendrochronological analysis of diameter growth and increment of Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in Danube floodplain forests. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 125-140, 2000.
Life-time course of diameter growth and increment of Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the region of Gabčíkovo hydropower plant (South Slovakia) was investigated employing dendrochronological methods and mathematical modelling. Relationships of the whole growth process to some environmental factors (water discharge in Danube river, air temperature, rainfall) are deriving as also tree increment reactions on dammed-up Danube river in 1992 were judged. Basis are increment cores of 10 sample trees representing crown and dominant trees in 70-year old stand, which is situated very near to Danube river; annual ring series of these sample trees and local hydro-climatological data for the period 1930 – 1997. The results indicate, that diameter growth and increment of Pedunculate oak courses according to general growth regularities with tendency to long-term periodical swings, it is significantly influenced by rainfall. Negative influence of Gabčíkovo hydropower plant was not confirmed. On the contrary, more intensive diameter increment was registered, in average about 47 – 72 %.
Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 125-140, 2000
Bohdan Konôpka, Hatsuo Tsukahara, Akira Netsu
Forest Research Institute, T. G. Masaryka 22, 960 92 Zvolen, The Slovak Republic
Yamagata University, Faculty of Agriculture, University Forests, 1-23 Wakaba-Machi,
Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
Konôpka B., Tsukahara H., Netsu A.: Development of needle retention in Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) plantation in the years 1967-1997. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 141-150, 2000.
The three main indicators – needle retention, height increment and radial increment were retrospectively surveyed on seven 40-year-old Japanese black pines (Pinus thunbergii Parl.). Needle trace method (NTM) was applied to determine a number of needle sets (needle retention) along the main stems in the years 1967-1997. Furthermore, the NTM provided data on annual needle loss, needle density per centimeter of shoot, number of needles in leading shoot and total number of needles on stem for particular years. The average summer needle retention in the entire period of the observation was 2.78 needle sets with minimum value of 2.31 (in 1983 and 1985) and maximum 3.18 (1969). The number of needle sets varied from year to year. However, the long-term budget between newly born and annually shed needle sets was in equilibrium. The average needle density was 7.87 per centimeter of shoot. The trends (developments in the years 1967-1997) of number of needle sets, height increment and radial increment showed close similarities. The potential harmful factors related to development of the three indicators were discussed.
Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 141-150, 2000
MARTA LIŠKOVÁ, MILAN LIŠKA
Parasitological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice,
The Slovak Republic
Chemstar spol. s r. o. NOVARTIS, Popradská 78, 041 82 Košice, The Slovak Republic
Lišková M., Liška M.: Ecological notices to the occurrence of Xiphinema dentatum Sturhan 1978 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) in the Slovak Republic. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 151-156, 2000.
The Xiphinema dentatum Sturhan 1978 is a frequent Xiphinema species in forest ecosystems of the Slovak Republic mostly in Pinetum and Picetum types of forest in rendzina soil type derived from calcareous parent rock of Triassic and Jurassic systems – light, sandy, or loamy-sandy, very often shallow gravelled and rocky soils. The species is characteristic of calcareous karst, canyon-shaped, travertine and conglomerate areas of numerous unique protected landscape areas of the Slovak Republic, e.g. Slovenský kras Karst, Dreveník travertine area in Hornádska kotlina valley, Súľovské skaly rocks in Strážovské vrchy hills and Vršatec in Biele Karpaty Mts.
Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 151-156, 2000
PETER PIŠÚT, EVA UHERČÍKOVÁ
Institute of Zoology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 06
Bratislava, The Slovak Republic
Pišút P., Uherčíková E.: A contribution to the knowledge of floodplain forest succession in Bratislava. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 157-180, 2000.
The contribution deals with the results of an investigation of the floodplain forests succession in the Middle Danube (Bratislava, Slovakia). The forest segments age was established on the basis of historical maps, and the present successional stage of the geobiocoens was identified by a phytocoenological investigation in the field. The 210-250 years old sites are represented at present by associations Fraxino-Populetum, Ulmo-Fraxinetum aegopodietosum and Ulmo-Quercetum caricetosum albae. The communities Ulmo-Fraxinetum hederotosum and Ulmo-Quercetum convallarietosum have developed in sites older than 350 years. The successionally youngest association Salici-Populetum, survives on the bottom of a former river arm originating from the 18th century. The genetic developmental relationships of individual syntaxa and limits of their existence were more precisely characterized (Fraxino-Populetum). The human impact on the historic dynamics (succession speed) of forest communities is also evaluated and a model successional line is presented. The results underline the present level of endangerment of individual communities by disturbance of fluvial processes influencing the natural succession of the floodplain forest geobiocoens, and emphasise necessity of their protection.
Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 157-180, 2000
Jana Špulerová
Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štefánikova 3, P.O.Box
254, 814 99 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic
Špulerová J.: The influence of exposition on the succession in a sedge-beech forest. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 181-186, 2000.
In nature protection and care of the environment is important to understand the theory of ecosystem successions which is a part of essential evolutionary theory of systems. Our investigation was carried out in the stand Carici pilosae-Fagetum in the Ecological experimental stationary Kremnické vrchy Mts founded by the Institute of Forest Ecology in Zvolen. The succession was studied on the basis of species inventory appearing on the monitoring plots with destroyed herbaceous undergrowth. The determined species composition was compared with the original one before the interference. The influence of exposition on succession seemed to be significant.
Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 181-186, 2000
LADISLAV ŠOMŠÁK, FERDINAND KUBÍČEK, VOJTECH ŠIMONOVIČ, MARTA NIŽŇANSKÁ
Department of Soil Sciences, Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská
dolina IIB, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic
Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štefánikova 3, P.O.Box
254, 814 99 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic
Natural Museum, 052 01 Spišská Nová Ves, The Slovak Republic
Šomšák L., Kubíček F., Šimonovič V., Nižňanská M.: Ecological characteristic of the secondary pine forests in the Levočská kotlina basin. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 187-197, 2000.
This contribution is dealing with the ecological characteristic of the the secondary pine forests in the Levočská kotlina basin. Regarding to their long-dated existence on this habitat they have a specific composition of the herb layer and therefore they were classified to the association Luzulo pilosae-culti-Pinetum ass. nova hoc loco. They were given to syngenetic relation with potential vegetation of this territory on the base of tenuos rests of the original (natural) forests. Changes in cover and biomass (above- belowground and total) of the herb layer of this community are discussed.
Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 187-197, 2000
LADISLAV TUŽINSKÝ
Department of Natural Environment, Forestry Faculty, Technical University, T.G.Masaryka
24, 960 53 Zvolen, the Slovak republic
Tužinský L.: Spruce and beech forest stands water balance. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 198-210, 2000.
This paper deals with chosen water balance components. Research was carried out in mature spruce and beech forest stands at the territory of independent landscape unit Malé Karpaty. The highest differences between these two researched forest stands were observed in interception values. Spruce forest stand is able to catch 11-40% of vertical precipitation and the beech forest stand 8-28%. Differences can be also observed as for the stem-flow. During the growing season stem-flow values represent only 1% in the spruce forest stand. In the beech forest stand stem-flow values reach 7% of total precipitation. Vertical seepage represents another important water balance component. In the beech forest stand percolates by 3-8% more water through the soil profile than in the spruce forest stand. Evapotranspiration values recorded in the spruce forest stand represented 211-380 mm and in the beech forest stand 240-425 mm during the growing season.
Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 198-210, 2000
JAROSŁAW STYPEREK
University School of Physical Education, Department of Geography of Tourism, ul. Rybaki
19, 61-884 Poznań, Poland
Styperek J.: Recreational use of urban ecosystems on the basis of linear systems of recreational penetration of suburban zones (Example of towns and cities located within Great Poland). Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 211-224, 2000.
The present paper discusses the role of linear systems of foot penetration in recreational use of urban ecosystems from the point of view of their usefulness as corridors linking a municipality with its suburban zone. A method is proposed for defining penetration accessibility of suburban zones based on concentric zones surrounding municipal centres. Also, zones have been identified which are subjected to the most intensive anthropopressure resulting from recreational penetration of the natural environment of recreational areas. Moreover, attention has been focused on the influence of recreational flows on the functioning and use of suburban zones, i.e. areas of conflict between ecological and recreational functions.
Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, No. 2, 211-224, 2000