Electronic Library of Scientific Literature Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Volume 52 / No. 4 / 2000
J. Urbánek: Geomorphological analysis: search for truth. Geografický časopis, 52, 2000, 4, 11 refs.
The article concerns the issue of verifying or falsifying the existing knowledge on relief of Slovakia. It criticizes the fact that this knowledge is as a rule immune to falsification, consequently it is not possible to decide whether it is true or not. It also outlines geomorphological analysis as a set of steps, which may lead to removal of this drawback. The first steps concern formal logical relationships such as analysis of the background of hypothesis, analysis of its logical weight, and analysis of complementary hypotheses. The following steps related to the terrain are identification and analysis of internal and external spatial structures.
Key words: geomorphological analysis, empirical notions, theoretical notions, verification and falsification of hypothesis
M. Hrádek: Geomorphic effects of the July 1997 flood in the North Moravia and Silesia (Czech Republic). Geografický časopis, 52, 2000, 4, 6 figs., 20 refs.
The aim of the article is to bring concise information on geomorphic effects of flood in the north-eastern Czech Republic. The main working method used was interpretation of terrain forms, erosional and accumulated, observed after the flood, interpretation of aerial photographs and reports of other authors. The flood in mountain areas of the Eastern Sudeten and Western Carpathians at the beginning of July 1997 originated in response to long-lasting and intensive rainfall. Its totals along with extraordinary discharges exceeded centennial values in the CzR. Research revealed the development of river channels and valley floodplains in extreme flood events. The majority of channels was widened by side erosion. Severe erosion of floodplain sediments in the upper reaches caused that some rivers returned to the stage of gravel-bed channels and braiding, artificial barriers in the floodplains such as bridges and dikes and a great amount of bed-load, as well as the log jams led, above all in the Sudeten to the origin of barriers and consequently wandering. Comparison of the flood effects showed higher rate of geodynamic processes, above all channel incision in the Western Carpathians. Flood effects were enhanced by anthropic interventions into the floodplain morphology and channels.
Key words: Eastern Sudeten and Western Carpathians, hydrometeorologic condition, geomorphic effectiveness of flood, fluvial erosion, gravel-bed channels, wood debris, suspended load, lateral erosion, channel incision
Z. Bedrna, J. Račko: Contribution to pedogeography of the Belianske Tatry Mts. Geografický časopis 52, 2000, 4, 2 figs., 3 tabs., 29 refs.
The aim of the study is to specify structure of soil cover and assess interaction between soil, substrate, relief, climate, plant associations and man activities. This precious natural territory was not studied in detail so far due to conservationist measures and difficult access. The territory was investigated in 1995-1999 by description of 352 soil profiles and 824 orientation exposures. Limited number of analyses of soil samples was carried out. Based on the compiled map of soils (1:10 000) and study of interaction between the environment and soil it was found that the influence of carbonate and carbonate/silicate rock (57 % of area) is the most important and causes the origin of rendzina and pararendzina soil types on 43% of area and elimination of the pronounced manifestations of altitude zonality of soil occurrence. The most pronounced influence of relief is that on soil depth. Vegetation and climate influence the surface horizons to such an extent that only 36 % of them possess neutral soil reaction while the rest of them is acid. Man initiates soil erosion and positively contributes to palliation of podzolization of soils by introduction of grasslands.
Key words: soils, the Belianske Tatry Mts., Slovakia
J. Hanušin: Regional typification of runoff regime on example of a set of basins with autochthonous streams in Slovakia. Geografický časopis, 52, 2000, 4, 2 figs., 3 tabs., 7 refs.
The aim of the presented regional typification is extrapolation of five previously defined types of runoff regime on a set of 4,587 basic basins covering 73% of Slovakia’s area. Within the set of 166 basins with known annual runoff regime intervals of values of parameters characterizing the five individual runoff regime types were defined. Three basic physical parameters (mean annual precipitation total, mean inclination and mean sea level altitude of basin) were selected. Share of arable land in total basin area or the share of broad-leaved and coniferous forests in total basin area were the additional auxiliary parameters. The following step was the gradual division by means of basic and additional parameters used to classification of the basic basins from the set of 4,587 autochthonous basins into the five defined types of runoff regime. The result was the map of regional types of runoff regime in Slovakia. The conclusion is the agreement between the types of runoff regime and altitude steps.
Key words: runoff regime, regional typification, small basins, GIS, parameter extrapolation, Slovakia
A. Grešková: Mapping of flooded and waterlogged areas by application of aerial black-and-white photographs (on example of inundation area of the Morava River). Geografický časopis, 52, 2000, 4, 2 figs. 9 refs.
The paper concerns application of aerial black and white photographs and geographic information system in identification and mapping of surface flooding and waterlogging during flood. Method of analogue (visual) interpretation of aerial panchromatic photographs was used. The approach was applied in inundation territory of the Morava river, south of the village of Vysoká pri Morave in the August 1985 flood. The scope of floods corresponded to culmination discharges, which can be characterized as 5-year discharges. This part of the Morava floodplain is flooded almost every year and the relief is distinctly affected by the fluvial activity of the river. The territory is almost inaccessible in time of floods and identi- fication of the scope of floods by conventional methods of field research is hardly applicable. The article presents the resulting map of the flooded and waterlogged areas (territory with higher level of flood, territory with lower level of flood, territory with reary watelogged surface, territory with waterlogged surface, and relatively dry territory.
Key words: aerial black-and-white photographs, inundation area, the Morava River, flooded and waterlogged areas
V. Falťan: Land cover in the environs of Kysucké Nové Mesto identified by the CORINE method. Geografický časopis, 52, 2000, 4, fig. 1, 14 refs.
This paper focuses on land cover mapping in the environs of Kysucké Nové Mesto. Five main categories of land cover objects, namely artificial surfaces, agricultural areas, forest and semi-natural areas, wetlands, water bodies were recognized. Spatial structure of the 4th level of CORINE Land Cover nomenclature is represented in the Map 1:50 000. Typological characteristics of land cover in this area are presented and both the CORINE Land Cover and CORINE Biotopes methods are compared. The outcome of land cover mapping was interpreted in environment of MapInfo Geographical Information System.
Key words: CORINE, land cover mapping, Javorníky Mts., Kysucká vrchovina Mts.