Electronic Library of Scientific Literature - © Academic Electronic Press
Volume 37 / No. 4 / 2002
MAGDALÉNA ŠPOTÁKOVÁ, EVA FILIPPOVÁ*, VLADIMÍR DOČKAL
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
Department of Human Development and Applied Psychology, University of Toronto,
Canada
SOME ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF MIND IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
I. COMPARISON WITH STANDARDLY DEVELOPING CHILDREN
Abstract: The authors compared 12 intellectually intact
children with quadruparetic form of cerebral palsy (CP) at the age of 5 to 10
years with their equally old standardly developing peers. Tasks focused on false
beliefs of the first and second degree were used as indicators for the theory of
mind. In all indicators of the theory of mind children with CP achieved worse
results. While 75% of healthy children had their theory of mind already formed,
in disabled children it was only 25%. One third of children with CP did not
succeed in tasks focused on false beliefs. The explanation can be found in
atypical social interaction of children with CP that puts their social
development at a disadvantage; in possible malfunctioning of their
executive functions; and in the influence of their disability on early
manifestations and experience that precede formation of the theory of mind. The
issue of problems requires further research follow-up.
Key words: theory of mind, false beliefs, child cerebral palsy
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 37, 2002, č. 4, s. 295–305
KATARÍNA FICHNOVÁ
Katedra psychológie, PdF Univerzity Konštantína Filozofa, Nitra
CREATIVE ABILITIES OF PRESCHOOL-AGE BOYS AND GIRLS
Abstract: The study deals with ontogenetic aspects of
creativity of preschool-age children (from 3 years and 5 months to 6 years and 6
months). The development of creativity in boys and girls is, in its basic
features, analogous, however, some intersexual differences were reported: girls
had significantly higher scores in a verbal fluency. Younger boys are more
creative in movement and achieve higher figural fluency; younger girls are
verbally more creative and produce more ideas. Older girls elaborated more
detailed solutions of figural tasks.
Key words: creativity, development of creativity, intersexual
differences, preschool age, verbal creativity, figural creativity, creativity of
movement
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 37, 2002, č. 4, s. 306–314
LENKA ZAŤKOVÁ
Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity Komenského, Bratislava
SOURCES OF SOCIAL REJECTION WITH SCHOOL CHILDREN
Abstract: This contributions we sum up the complexity of
the problem of social rejection with school children. We discuss sociometric and
personal characteristics of rejected child, the internal and external reasons
for negative social status, parental influence upon social status of a child
and behaviour of rejected child in a peer group. Since the social rejection
in childhood can cause maladaptive socialization in later development, we
mention also a brief survey to the prognosis of social rejection.
Key words: social status, rejected child, sources of rejection
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 37, 2002, č. 4, s. 315–323
ĽUBOSLAVA SEJČOVÁ
Katedra pedagogiky FFUK, Bratislava
ATTITUDES OF DELINQUENT YOUTH TOWARD DRUGS
Abstract: The subject of the research concerned
differences between delinquent and nondelinquent youth in their experience with
smoking, alcohol, nonalcoholic drugs, and with prevention regard to drug
dependency. More experience of delinquent youth appeared to be in smoking, drugs
and alcohol abuse; earlier onset of drug abuse was shown too. The presupposition
about a wider scale of used drugs in a group of delinquent youth was
confirmed. It was also confirmed that delinquent youth less frequently met with
prevention and with qualified information from the area of drug abuse and its
consequences on people’s health. It is therefore important to focus prevention
of drug dependency both on the wide society of youth and, too, on individual
groups of children and youth that are particularly prone to drug experimenting.
Key words: non-alcoholic drugs, alcohol, smoking, causes of drug abuse,
delinquency, prevention of drug dependency
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 37, 2002, č. 4, s. 324–334
EVA KOUBEKOVÁ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
SELF-ESTEEM: A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT
Abstract: In the contribution are analyzed
relationships between anticipated and received social support, strategy of
social support seeking and self-esteem in adolescents. The sample consisted of
192 secondary-school pupils of grammar school at the age of 15 to 18 years. The
results showed that adolescents with higher level of self-esteem show not only
higher measure of expected support, but in stressful situations also gain more
informative, emotional, and evaluating support. The higher measure of expected
support from family makes girls use this coping strategy more often. Social
support seeking in girls is not related to the level of self-esteem; we noticed
statistically significant negative correlations in these variables in boys.
Girls expect and receive more social support than boys, mostly from friends.
Boys in stressful situation receive support mostly from parents.
Key words: anticipated social support, received social support,
support-seeking strategy, self-esteem
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 37, 2002, č. 4, s. 335–344
SILVIA BRONIŠOVÁ, IVAN UČEŇ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
ATTITUDES OF PUPILS, TEACHERS, AND PARENTS TOWARD INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Abstract: The contribution is focused on various
attitudes of pupils, teachers, and parents toward inclusive education. On the
basis of the gathered data it is possible to confirm different, sometimes almost
radically positive and negative attitudes of research selections toward
integration of disabled children into regular classes of basic school. The
radicalness of pupils of basic schools in some attitudes toward disabled
children and their integration into regular classes requires application of
correctional programs.
Key words: integration, inclusive education, attitudes, multiple
regression, disabled child
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 37, 2002, č. 4, s. 345–350
IVAN UČEŇ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
INDIVIDUAL SOCIAL STATUS OF PUPILS AT INTEGRATED BASIC SCHOOLS VERSUS ATTITUDES TO INTEGRATION
Abstract: The study verified the connection of the
evaluation of some attitudes to joint education of intact and disabled children
with the social status of pupils. The expected connection was not confirmed in
the major part. The indication of the relationship was gained from negative
evaluation of integration. The respondents with a higher social status do
not consider it to be right when both intact and disabled children attend one
class and they think that disabled children do not benefit from integration.
Integrated disabled pupils with a low social status are not accommodated
for integration.
Key words: social status, accepted positive choice, integration, disabled
pupil
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 37, 2002, č. 4, s. 351–356
ZDENKA MACKOVÁ
Fakulta telesnej výchovy a športu UK, Bratislava
THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF SPORTS
Abstract: The goal of the contribution is to draw
attention to exercises of movement, sports and their therapeutic potential. With
this respect, results of classical researches are described in the light of
positivism in the therapy of mental diseases (affective disorders; neurotic,
stress-conditioned, somatoformed disorders, etc.). However, the basic part of
the contribution is dedicated to newer trends focused on the process of motional
and sports activity and the therapeutic potential hidden in particular forms of
exercises. This permits hermeneutic and phenomenological approach to sports and
emphasis on sports experience. A properly chosen sport with subsequent
elaboration of the sport experience in a psychotherapeutic session can be a valuable,
supportive factor within the scope of therapy of some mental diseases, but
mostly already in the phase of their prevention and in stimulation of mental
development of the young human being.
Key words: physical and mental unity, sport experience, prevention of
mental diseases, stimulation of development by sport experience
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 37, 2002, č. 4, s. 357–366
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