Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Volume 33 / No. 2 / 1998
SOCIÁLNA FACILITÁCIA A TVORIVOSŤ
JOZEF LOKŠA
Rektorát UPJŠ, Košice
From the aspect of general theory of social psychology of creativity, the presented scientific research study represents an attempt to interconnect two big areas of psychological research - the issue of social facilitation and creativity. It is focused on the analysis of the effects of the influence of three social factors - co-action, expectation of the evaluation of the creative product, and instruction determining the goal of creative activity on the level of creativity, i.e. productivity of human being. The research results confirmed that individuals expecting the evaluation of their creative products show lower level of creativity than those who do not expect the evaluation. The influence of the factor of co-action was confirmed in the criterion of originality when individuals organizing the creative activity alone exhibited higher originality of creative products than those who worked in the presence of co-actors. Confirmed was also the significant influence of the instruction determining the goal of creative activity to be the generation of the most creative solutions toward the higher level of respondents' creativity.
Key words: social psychology of creativity, social facilitation,
evaluation, instruction, creativity
pp. 101-109.
VÝVIN(?) TVORIVÝCH VÝKONOV PODĽA URBANOVHO TESTU: PRIESEČNÍKOVÁ ŠTÚDIA
TOMÁŠ KOVÁČ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
The study is focused on the development of creativity and divergent thinking as they are found out by Urban's Creativity Test, the second subtest of Torrance's tests of creative thinking, and pictographs (focused on the so called creative memory). 23 pupils of 1st grade of 8-grade grammar school participated in the study, as well as 25 students of 4th grade of regular grammar school, 23 students of 4th grade of the Slovak technical University, and 17 adults - students of 5th grade of external study at the Slovak Technical University. Constructed cross-sectional developmental curves point at higher performances in dependence on growing age in Urban's test and, vice versa, lower in fluency. flexibility, originality, and creative memory.
Key words: creativity, divergent thinking, creative memory, developmental
curves
pp. 110-118.
ETNICKÝ KONTEXT SOCIÁLNYCH KOMPETENCIÍ - SOCIÁLNA AKCEPTÁCIA RÓMSKYCH DETÍ V ŠKOLE
RASTISLAVA KOTEKOVÁ
Katedra psychológie FF UPJŠ, Košice
Social comptence(s) mark general qualities of child proficiency in social
situations. Their most significant indicator is social acceptance. Its
measure is influenced by a variety of determining agents of which ethnic
membership plays a significant role.
The presented research deals with social acceptance of Romany children
from two types of families (integrated and nonintegrated, i.e. higher and
lower socio-economic level), that is, in comparison with children of majority
families (of higher and lower socio-economic level too).
The data on social acceptance had a three-aspect character: relatively
objective measure given by sociometric options, subjective point of view
in the Inventory of Social Acceptance, and evaluation of social position
of the pupil by his class teacher.
Statistically significant differences were found in social acceptance between
Romany children and majority children in all kinds of data. Mostly the
situation of Romany children from families with higher socio-economic level,
who attend ethnically mixed classes of basic school, is complicated. Romany
children from families with a lower socio-economic level attend Romany
classes - where the measures of social acceptance are more favorable.
Key words: social competence, social acceptance, ethnicity, socio-economic
level, family, peer relations
pp. 119-134.
HODNOTENIE POSTIHNUTÝCH DETÍ ŽIAKMI ZÁKLADNEJ ŠKOLY SO SKÚSENOSŤOU A BEZ SKÚSENOSTI S INTEGRÁCIOU
IVAN UČEŇ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
The study deals with attitudes of two primary minorities that create,
i.e will create social climate at school. It tries to map out some facts
of social relations and social climate in integrated school and prejudices
or tendencies of the child population that do not know yet about these
facts.
The research data obtained in this study rather indicate possibilities
for further research that results for practice.
From particular data we can mention a remarkable consistency in attitudes
toward disabled children between pupils with and without experience of
integration. It seems that this fact is projected into other, by us not
followed areas.
Key words: attitude, social integration, semantic differential,
comparison analysis, causal analysis, minorities, research samples
pp. 135-142.
IRACIONALITA - STRUČNÝ PREHĽAD DOTERAJŠÍCH METODÍK
ONDREJ KONDÁŠ, JANA KORDAČOVÁ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
Ústav experimentálnej psychológie SAV, Bratislava
The fact that irrational thinking and demonstrations are typical for human beings - people not always behave according to a logical model - puts irrationality in the foreground within cognitive psychology. The article summarizes six interesting methodical attempts to intercept irrational beliefs - the attempts were maintained according to Ellis' conception of irrationality and are based upon his 12 irrational theses. Particular methods are accompanied with found psychometric characteristics, and the problem of non-unified theoretical understanding of irrationality is insinuated as a serious problem from the aspect of construct validity. From the methodologies described, a conclusion was drawn in form of a challenge to intensely continue in the study of questions of irrational cognitions and to develop suitable means for its interception.
Key words: irrational beliefs, rational-emotive theory, methodologies
of rational behavior and irrational thinking
pp. 143-150.
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