Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Volume 33 / No. 3 / 1998
TYRANIZOVANIE AKO TYP AGRESIE
LADISLAV LOVAŠ
Spoločenskovedný ústav SAV, Košice
Bullying is defined as a way of harming characteristic with two signs: a) long-term (repeated) occurrence, b) unbalance in powers. Even though literature usually regards this as aggression, this fact is, however, not sufficiently emphasized and used in explanations of bullying. The confrontation of contemporary definition of aggression, as a deliberate maltreatment and bullying, points to the fact that bullying is aggression in its nature. The subject of discussion is whether this is a special type of aggression or aggression that contains specific signs. Psychological literature refers to both alternatives. A new view is brought by differentiation of types of aggression to reactive (affective) and pro-active (instrumental) aggression within the scope of which is bullying seen as a subtype of pro-active aggression. However, there are arguments and empirical findings that accept bullying as an independent (third) basic type of aggression.
Key words: aggression, type of aggression, bullying
pp. 195-202.
KVALITATÍVNA ANALÝZA VNÍMANIA RIZIKA DEŤMI A ADOLESCENTAMI
EVA ROŠKOVÁ, VIERA ROSOVÁ, GABRIEL BIANCHI
Kabinet výskumu biologickej a sociálnej komunikácie SAV, Bratislava
The study presents comparisons of research results of risk perception in children and adolescents. The theoretical-methodological outcome was a statistical definition of risk and a psychometric model of the research. The primary objective was testing of the influence of independent variables (age, sex, domicile, experience with risk) on risk perception in children and adolescents, and also a qualitative analysis of the level of knowledge and preferences of information sources regarding risks in both research selections. The research results showed significant differences in the estimated measure of risk between children and adolescents. Children more sensitively perceive risks associated with degradation of life environment; adolescents are more characteristic by experiencing economic and social risks. The most frequent information sources were media; the knowledge level regarding risks was marked as average or weak in both selections. The variables of sex and of experience with risk did not confirm nor disproved our presumptions, and they will be subjected to further analyses.
Key words: perception of risk, level of knowledge, information
sources
pp. 203-215.
VÝVINOVÉ(?) ASPEKTY VZŤAHOV NIEKTORÝCH FAKTOROV TVORIVOSTI
TOMÁŠ KOVÁČ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
The article is a continuation of the study published in the previous issue of this journal. The article pertains to the development of relationships of the followed creativity variables in 4 age groups (students of 8-grade grammar school, graduates of 4-grade grammar school, students of 5th grade at university, and adults - distance university students). It appeared that Pbi age plays a significant role in creativity performances. While in Torrance's tests and in creative memory performances decline with age, they improve in Urban's test.
Key words: development, creativity, fluency, flexibility, originality,
creative memory
pp. 216-222.
SOCIÁLNE PROSTREDIE A TVORIVOSŤ
EVA SZOBIOVÁ
Katedra psychológie FFUK, Bratislava
The study is focused on the factors of environment that influence manifestation of creativity on both macrosocial level and on the level of immediate functioning of family and school. The study analyzes the characteristics of creative climate and conditions leading toward support, i.e., toward creativization of environment. Attention is paid to internal and external barriers that inhibit manifestation and development of creativity. Special attention is paid to principles of creative behavior in school conditions.
Key words: creative environment, internal and external barriers,
conditions supporting creativity, creative climate, family, school
pp. 223-231.
VÝSKUM HIERARCHIÍ ŽIVOTNÝCH CIEĽOV - HISTÓRIA A SÚČASNOSŤ
TATIANA TAROČKOVÁ
Katedra psychológie FFUK, Bratislava
In the first part of her study, the author analyzes pioneering researches
of life goal hierarchies of Ch. Bühler et al. (Massarik, Goldenberg, Marschak,
Brind, Horner and others). On the basis of the data available from professional
literature, the author reconstructs Ch. Bühler's Life Goal Inventory and
describes its differential-diagnostic attributes.
In the next part of her study, the author informs about the trends of the
ongoing life goal researches abroad.
The conclusion of the study deals with the life goal research in our country.
The author characterizes her own Life Goal Inventory in more detail and
the results of the research of secondary-school youth, which she realized
with its use.
Key words: life goals, life goal hierarchies, macroscopic and
microscopic approach to life goal research, life goal inventories, life
goal profiles
pp. 232-240.
SOCIÁLNA INTEGRÁCIA V HODNOTENÍ UČITEĽOV ZÁKLADNÝCH A ŠPECIÁLNYCH ŠKÔL
IVAN UČEŇ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
A pragmatic objective was erected in this work in order to clarify differences, i.e. accordance in the evaluation of social integration by teachers of basic and special schools. With respect to a small number of respondents of the research sample of teachers of special schools, we consider this study to be only a probe in this issue of problems. The research data confirmed the expectation of a feeling of risk present mostly in special-pedagogic professional public; concurrence in the variable of social integration that represents it; and finally, its different determination by evaluated characteristics of disabled children.
Key words: social integration, cognitive factor, personality
characteristics, factor analysis, regression analysis
pp. 241-246.
FONOLOGICKÉ UVEDOMENIE V PROCESE ČÍTANIA NEPOČUJÚCICH DETÍ
GABRIELA LACHKOVIČOVÁ
Katedra pedagogiky sluchovo postihnutých Pedagogickej fakulty UK, Bratislava
The article deals with the issue of the importance of phonological coding in acquiring reading skills by deaf children. The author directs her attention to the issue of the phonological coding in the absence of significant acoustic information; to the nature of the phonological representation in deaf readers and to possible alternative strategies of coding and text remembering.
Key words: hearing impaired child, deaf readers, reading phonological
coding, phonological awareness
pp. 247-257.
VÝZNAM VÝSKUMU PSYCHOTERAPIE PRE PRAX
LADISLAV TIMUĽÁK
FFUK Bratislava, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgicko
The article underlines the significance of research for practice in psychotherapy. It emphasizes a contribution of research activity for professional growth of a therapist-researcher, and a contribution of following the research studies by therapists in practice that are not directly involved in a research work. The article accentuates the significance of research for the formation of professional identity of a psychotherapist and also for therapist's conceptualization of psychotherapy.
Key words: psychotherapy, research of psychotherapy, psychotherapeutic
practice
pp. 258-263.
PREŽÍVANIE AKO KĽÚČOVÁ OBLASŤ ZMENY V PROCESE NA ČLOVEKA ZAMERANEJ A EXPERIENCIÁLNEJ TERAPIE
KATARÍNA KARASZOVÁ
Pedagogicko-psychologická poradňa, Galanta
The article is concerned with the study of the role of experiencing in therapeutical change from the aspects of person-centered and experiencial therapy. The term of experiencing from Rogers' and Gendlin's point of view is also enlighted. The analysis of the process of therapeutic change in both therapies is presented with concern of its experiencial effect. The article also presents Gendlin's and Tomlisons experiencial scale to understand therapeutical shifts during successful therapy and shows common points and differences between Rogers' and Gendlin's approaches to therapeutic change.
Key words: experiencing, therapeutic change, Person-Centered
Therapy, experiencial therapy, experiencial focusing
pp. 264-272.
ONESKORENÁ FYZICKÁ MATURÁCIA DIEVČAT A ADJUSTAČNÉ PROBLÉMY
ALEXANDRA PROKOPČÁKOVÁ
Ústav experimentálnej psychológie SAV, Bratislava
The research followed the relationship between physical maturation of
girls and the occurrence of some maladjustment symptoms. The sample consisted
of 947 girls (897 more rapidly and 50 less rapidly maturing). Magnusson
and Dunér's symptom inventory was administered. This inventory follows
the occurrence and intensity of 123 different maladjustment symptoms in
15 year old adolescents.
More rapid and less rapid physical maturation has negative and positive
consequences. On the one hand, physically more mature girls have fewer
emotional problems and fewer problems in contacts with peers, on the other
hand, endeavor to prove their maturity more likely results in a tendency
to experience alcohol, drugs and sex too early. Girls with delayed physical
maturity have more problems with their self-image and peer relationships,
however, they are not so much inclined to antisocial behavior.
Key words: adjustment problems, physical maturation, adolescence
pp. 273-276.
Správy
Recenzie