Electronic Library of Scientific Literature Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Volume 33 / No. 4 / 1998
VÝVIN PSYCHIKY SLEPOHLUCHÝCH DETÍ
LADISLAV POŽÁR
Katedra psychológie Pedagogickej fakulty UK, Bratislava
This study briefly outlines world history of education of deaf-blind children and some methodological specifications in the research of the deaf-blind. In the development of the mind of these children, the author observes several stages. The initial stage is related to formation of the system of self-service habits in the process of regular human behavior. Formation of conceptions of objects that surround the child takes place within the structure of this system. The further stage in the development of mind can be called as the stage of object-activity style. This stage is characteristic mostly by formation of the system of conceptions of objects and activities, formation of the system of interlinked conceptions, which are significant for child, because they are related to satisfaction of basic needs. The child has already learned to identify objects. In this stage, a certain touch of an adult person becomes a signal for active operation of child. Thus, signalling of behavior is formed as a child’s response to a gesture of other human being. The third stage is the stage when natural gestures are formed and the author gives concrete cases how such gestures occur. The next part of the study deals with the development of motional activity and orientation. In the last stage, formation of verbal speech occurs. The author, in all developmental stages of the mind of deaf-blind child, emphasizes the validity of general developmental lawfulness and specifications of applying this lawfulness in deaf-blind children.
Key words: deaf-blind, systematic formation of human behavior and mind,
self-service habits, pre-contact developmental period, stage of object-activity style,
natural gestures, hand significance, finger alphabet, gesture phrases, word in dactyle and
Brail form
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 33, 1998, č. 4, s. 292-302.
BEHAVIORÁLNO-TOXIKOLOGICKÝ VÝSKUM DETÍ: PROBLÉMY A ZISTENIA
ALENA POTAŠOVÁ, OĽGA ÁROCHOVÁ
Ústav experimentálnej psychológie SAV, Bratislava
The article presents the research issue of problems of the so called behavioral
toxicology and it proves that even small doses of toxic substances, dispersed in outer
environment (usually from industrial sources), have a negative impact on psychic
development of children.
A certain part of incompatible results in the so called prospective studies of this
orientation can be ascribed to the fact that the time/age of child, in which the impact
with a toxic substance occurred, is insufficiently regarded. The time of the impact
also determines the selection of appropriate methodology.
The authors also include in the study a part of the results of their own long-term
research of children from the area contaminated with toxic emission (arsenic, lead,
cadmium, chlorine, mercury, sulphur and nitrogen oxides). The results present
a stable decrease of the measured performances (in the Stroop’s Test, in tasks of
memory learning and semantic decision-making) in 11-13 year old children who were born and
who grew up in the contaminated area.
In spite of the implemented technological measures which result in a gradual
reduction of the concentration of toxic substances in the outer environment, this issue
still belongs to topical subjects of the universal impact.
Key words: behavioral toxicology, cognitive development of children, Stroop’s
Effect, memory learning, semantic decision-making
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 33, 1998, č. 4, s. 303-319.
RODINNÉ PROSTREDIE A VÝCHOVNE PROBLÉMOVÉ SPRÁVANIE ADOLESCENTOV
ANDREA GECKOVÁ
Ústav sociálnej medicíny LF UPJŠ, Košice
Presented are the results of the research of mutual relations of the measure of educationally problem behavior, family environment, as perceived by the adolescent. The research was conducted on the sample of 214 adolescents (of which 121 were girls) from maturita (school leaving certificate) and non maturita (no school leaving certificate) study courses of vocational (apprentice) schools. The results indicate that the higher measure of educationally problem behavior of boys is related to higher measure of their father’s inconsistency and the combination of by adolescent perceived lower measure of mother’s hostility and higher measure of autonomy given by the father. In the group of girls, the higher level of educationally problem behavior is mostly related to higher measure of by (female) adolescents perceived hostility and directiveness of both parents.
Key words: educationally problem behavior, family environment, adolescence
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 33, 1998, č. 4, s. 320-329.
INTAKTNÉ A SLUCHOVO POSTIHNUTÉ DIEŤA V RANEJ KOMUNIKÁCII S MATKOU
ĽUBICA KROČANOVÁ
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
The communication interaction between the mother and its child represents a sensitive barometer of the level of quality of intra-family relationships and of general emotional-social climate in the family. It is considered to be a phenomenon that crucially intervenes in the forming of family life as a whole and in its individual members. This contribution deals with the communication behavior of mothers and their children in preschool age in regular play situations with emphasis on qualitative characteristics of their mutual communication (types, successfulness, orientation of communication stimuli, duration of communication interactions, etc.).
Key words: communication process, hearing impairment, preschool age
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 33, 1998, č. 4, s. 330-338.
JUVENILNÁ DELIKVENCIA V KONTEXTE CLONINGEROVHO MODELU OSOBNOSTI
SLÁVKA GREGOROVÁ
Fakulta humanistiky Trnavskej univerzity, Trnava
The initial platform of this research probe was Cloninger’s biopsychological
personality model that assumes occurrence of high impulsiveness in delinquent individuals
in relation to low reward dependence and low anxiousness.
The hypothesis on the occurrence of high impulsiveness and low reward dependence of
delinquents was confirmed. The hypothesis regarding their low dependence was not
confirmed. The small number of the sample does not allow for generalizations of these
findings. The research continues on a larger sample of delinquent population.
Key words: juvenile delinquency, impulsiveness, anxiousness, reward dependence
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 33, 1998, č. 4, s. 339-347.
ANALÝZA PROSTOROVÝCH VZTAHŮ V KRESBĚ MENTÁLNĚ POSTIŽENÝCH DĚTÍ MLADŠÍHO ŠKOLNÍHO VĚKU
MILAN VALENTA
Katedra speciální pedagogiky Pedagogické fakulty UP, Olomouc
In this article (based on the author’s research), attempts were made to answer some questions related to a comparison of drawings of mentally retarded pupils from special and regular schools. The above-mentioned research proved the following conclusion: there is a set of standard solutions for the cubic picture both in the drawings of pupils from special and from regular schools. In general, a qualitative differences between both groups of children do not exist. There is only the quantitative difference.
Key words: child drawing, mentally retarded child, analysis of products, earlier
school age
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 33, 1998, č. 4, s. 348-363.
IVETA MASÁROVÁ, VLADIMÍR DOČKAL
Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 33, 1998, č. 4, s. 364-374.
Správy
Recenzie