Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Volume 40 / No. 1 / 1997
Jozef Darmo
Keywords: changes in the mass media research organization in Slovakia - priorities of the basic research - research strategy to the year 2005 in the concrete
Changes in the mass media research organization since 1996. Priorities of the basic research. The mass media research in Slovakia in confrontation with the world knowledge resources. The mass media research in the strategy of the Slovak social development. Research priorities. Research strategy to the year 2005 in the concrete. Social and professional space to implement the research strategy.
pp. 1-8
Download full text in PDF format
Katarína Podoláková
After 1989, two contradictory processes began in Europe: The first unifies nations into the European integration and the second disintegrates large state formations with multiethnic structures. In the post-communist states, the need to complete the process of ethnic emancipation was seen to be of the same urgency as the process of democratization. Many new national states were established and the questions of national and cultural identity were updated as well. In Europe as well in Slovakia, this fact is considered in two ways: Revival of the national and cultural identity is seen either as an inevitable process of the maturation of nations deprived from this chance or as an anachronism which does not have its justification in the Europe of the 20th century. The seeking for the national identity is generally considered as nationalism. And nationalism is considered basically as negative. The Slovak Republic integration into the European structures is evaluated positively, however, the danger that the country can lose its own identity is mentioned as well.
pp. 9-12
Download full text in PDF format
Viera Gažová
Keywords: identity - cultural identity - pluralization of the cultural forms - hegemonic, conservative and emancipative concepts - multiculturalism - tolerance
The question of cultural identity belongs to the eminent problems of
the current cultorology. In order to find a model which would comply
with the 20th century requirements, three basic concepts were defined:
hegemonic, conservative and emancipative. Now, most of the European countries
incline to the emancipative concept. It is based on the cultivation of
an adequate and conscious self-image of the community, and promotes cultural
production which uses its own sources and, at the same time, is open to
intercultural communication.
The cultivation of cultural identity does not contradict with the demand
for the multicultural community's development. This cultivation does not
aim for cultural homogeneity but for plurality which can recognise a uniqueness
of each independent culture. Only the communication based on the tolerance
and acceptance of the particularity of cultural expression enables different
cultures to coexist in harmony and mutual enrichment.
pp. 13-18
Download full text in PDF format
Marta Zágoršeková
Keywords: identity - understanding - reflection - European subject - intention - act - consequences - culture
This essay attempts to find possibilities to define identity from logical, philosophical and cultural point of view. The starting point of presented reflections is a logical problem of defining identity in the classical as well as non-classical logic as a sameness. The author concludes that human identity cannot be examined as a "clear" logical problem because every abstraction causes a paradox. This is why the author recommends to use more subtle methodology in the examination of this problem, as offered by hermeneutic and axiology. In the further steps, the author also uses the hermeneutic method in order to understand self-reflection of the European subject which feels the loss of its own identity as well as contradiction in its own behaviour. She suggests that the feeling of split identity originates - in accordance with interpretation of existence by Heidegger and Derrid - in the ontologically seen difference between the will and consequences of an act. Hiatus between the intention and consequences of an act in post-modern culture is presented as the loss of identity of the European subject. The author adds that the reflection of crisis of individuality exists in the current culture as well.
pp. 19-22
Download full text in PDF format
Luboš Šefèák
Keywords: Truth - truth and law - truth and journalism - truth and the ethics of journalism - codes of ethics - press councils - instruments of the Council of Europe - truth, accuracy, honesty
Firstly, the author tries to define the truth as a statement that complies with reality from the objective and/or subjective point of view. At the same time, reality is considered to be objective existent facts or events. Though journalists try to add truth to their works, their truth is always a subjective truth. One person's truth may be a lie for someone else. This is why, in a democratic society, the truth principle should not be applied in the media legislation. While being immediately engaged in possible conflicts and, at the same time, having repressive tolls at disposal, the state authorities should not have the right to judge the truthfulness of journalism. The latter should be a matter of the ethics of journalism. The code of conduct as well as the arbitrary press council established by the associations of journalists and publishers should be the means for solving these problems. It would be fully in accordance with recommendations of the Council of Europe.
pp. 23-32
Download full text in PDF format
Ami Lönnroth
Keywords: ethics in journalism - the codes of conduct - an investigative journalism - the personal moral of a journalist - journalist as the guardian of democracy - the non-issues in the media
From 30 September to 6 October 1997, the international seminar on Journalism - democracy, power and ethics organized by the European Journalism Training Association and assisted by the Council of Europe was held in Capri (Italy). The article presented at the seminar implies that also in advanced democracies nonethical principles are used in journalism and that this fact is rationalized and/or even apologized by the journalists' necessity to reveal the public affairs. The author meditate on the credibility of journalism, on ethical way of treating people and describing people in the media. She asks herself if a personal moral could be combined with the ethics of the profession as journalists in the Nordic countries used to do. She criticizes the impact of commercialism and, citing examples of many outstanding personalities, illustrates her own six entries to the discussion on ethics in journalism.
pp. 33-40
Download full text in PDF format
¼udovít Šrámek
Keywords: trends in electronic media consumption - reading of the daily press - representative media surveys
Using the basic data of four national representative surveys, this article presents relationships of the Slovak adult population to the electronic media. Surveys' findings confirm that these relationships are stabilized. Shifts in the readers interests in some dailies are not too expressive. More remarkable change in the Slovak media market caused the launch of the new television station Markíza. Being only six month on the air, the station became the most popular television in Slovakia. The station has larger daily audience than the public television Slovakia 1.
pp. 41-45
Download full text in PDF format
Zdena Èupíková
Keywords: national minority press - Hungarian papers - supra-regional (national) press - regional press - title - circulation - edition - frequency - publisher
This study introduces the basic developments of the Slovak national minority press since 1989. The comparative analysis shows how the quantitative and qualitative press indicators were changed over 7 years. Before 1990, only two national minorities (Hungarian and Ukrainian) had had their own periodical press. Since 1990, the number of national minority titles rose from 25 to 66. Most of them (48) belong to the Hungarian minority. The rest belong to Ruthenian (4), Ukrainian (4), Romanian (3) and other minorities (Czech, Moravian, Croatian, German, Polish and Jewish). The first part of the study presented is devoted to the Hungarian minority press.
pp. 47-55
Download full text in PDF format
Danuša Serafínová
Keywords: news genres using original sources - report - reportage - interview - enquette - profile
This study aims to explain to the students of journalism, theoreticians, journalists as well as the readers of the Question of Journalism how the French genreologists see the category of journalistic genres which they use to call "the news genres using original sources" and which includes report, reportage, interview, enquette (inquiry) and profile. The high sophisticated French theory of journalistic genres should inspire the readers as an example worth to follow.
pp. 57-64
Download full text in PDF format
Fraòo Ruttkay
pp. 65-69
Download full text in PDF format
pp. 70-74
ZO ZAHRANIÈIA
pp. 75-85
KRONIKA
pp. 86-88
Download full text in PDF format