Electronic Library of
Scientific Literature Electronic Library of
Scientific Literature
Volume 43 / No. 2 / 2000
DANA BENKOVIČOVÁ
Mediálne informačné centrum, Bratislava
pp. 85-88
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SAMUEL BREČKA
Kľúčové slová: integrácia Slovenska do európskych štruktúr – Európska únia – médiá – mediálna politika EÚ – význam, ciele a nástroje mediálnej politiky EÚ – spoločenský, kultúrny a výchovný význam audiovizuálneho sektora – princípy regulácie – zmena prístupu EÚ k mediálnej politike
European Union’s Media Policy – I
Keywords: Slovakia’s integration to the European structures – European Union – media – EU media policy: importance, aims and instruments – social, cultural and educational impact of audiovisual sector – principles of regulation – changed EU approach to the media policy
In the first part of the study, the author analyses importance, aims and instruments of the EU media policy. Since February 2000, when the European Union started the entry negotiations with six associated countries of the former second group, including Slovakia, the EU media policy issue is more topical than ever. The negotiations will be opened in eight chapters, including culture and audiovisual policy. In addition, Slovakia as an association country has to harmonize its media laws with European media legislation, especially with ”Television without frontiers” Directive. That is why understanding of European media policy is for us not only very interesting but necessary as well.
As for the importance of EU media policy, the author states that its significance is derived from the role of the media in society. The media play considerable role in functioning of modern democratic societies. Without the free flow of information, such societies cannot function at all. Media industry is a cultural industry par excellence that plays a crucial role in the transmission, development and even construction of cultural identities.
Discussing the aims of EU media policy, the author speaks about four objectives: 1) To establish a single media market with a free movement of information and audiovisual services; 2) to promote the European media industry, which should be able to compete with international – mainly American – media industries and operate successfully in the world markets; 3) to make the European media industry as well as citizens to be able to enter information society and to use the new information technologies and 4) to guarantee technological standardization of broadcasting systems.
The European Union enforces these objectives by various instruments and measures. To the most important belong legal instruments as directives of the European Parliament and the Council, the Council’s decisions, recommendations, resolutions and conclusions. An important part of the European media legislation are rulings of the European Court of Justice which today form the basis of case law for media industry in Europe. Apart from legislation, the media policy is formulated in the wide range of documents: green papers, communications, reports and research studies that analyze and summarize situation in different media sectors, and serve as starting points for discussions and consultations on the European level. The working documents and conclusions from various seminars and international conferences belong to them as well.
pp. 89-100
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SVETLANA HLAVČÁKOVÁ
pp. 101-107
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IGOR BARÁT
Kľúčové slová: televízne spravodajstvo – psychologické pôsobenie – sledovanosť – dôveryhodnosť – vplyv na diváka – moderátor
Psychological Impact of TV News
Keywords: TV news – psychological impact – TV watching – credibility – impact on the viewer – anchor
Due to technological progress in quality and velocity of signal’s distribution, television became the most widespread and, consequently, the most influential medium. Usually, the most powerful programs are those with the highest ratings – most probably the news. However, this general statement was not supported by research results about the TV news effects till now. In Slovakia, the most known research studies in this field are surveys which try to measure watching and credibility of news. They may be used as a basis for the study of news impact. The news credibility varies and develops mainly in dependence on political situation in Slovakia as well as on quality of management of the public Slovak television (STV). Although the research results of various research agencies on the news credibility in some aspects differ, all of them have registered a notable increase in credibility of STV news after the change of political power in Slovakia and consecutive replacement of the STV’s management. The viewers find and relatively high evaluate professional quality of news anchors, both of public STV and commercial Markíza TV. Nevertheless, Makíza anchors are perceived as more loose while STV anchors look like more inflexible. The study proves that psychological impact of TV news needs more sophisticated study and consecutive application in training of the people that act as the news anchors.
pp. 108-115
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JÁN LOFAJ
Kľúčové slová: informácia – fotografia – spravodajstvo – fotospravodajstvo – politika – ekonomika – televízia – profesionalita – udalosť – dizajn novín – komentár – prax
Is the news photography dying?
Ján Lofaj
Keywords: information – photography – news – news photography – politics – economy – television – professionalism – event – newspaper’s design – commentary – practice
Today, news in picture form is brought by television. That is why the photojournalism, especially news photography, is in recession. This recession is most obvious in the Slovak press. It seems, news photography do not find enough topics. Politics and economics are not photogenic. And another themes are only additional. The photography serves only as an opportunity to comment events describing in the picture text. Incompetent work with photography does not allow exploiting the clarity and efficacy of the photographic picture. An expensive production of photography news hinders its utilisation as well. However, the newspapers need photography not only for their design but also for complexity and attractiveness of news. We have to bear in mind that photojournalism deals not only with politics or economics in their vulgarised and simplified forms. It is necessary to look for themes outside of Bratislava too, and to use multi-pictural genres.
pp. 116-121
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BARBORA OSVALDOVÁ
pp. 122-127
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Z výskumov
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Recenzie a referáty
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Zo zahraničia
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Heslár masovej komunikácie - Noviny
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