Electronic Library of
Scientific Literature Electronic Library of
Scientific Literature
Volume 43 / No. 3 / 2000
HELENA JEŽEKOVÁ
Kľúčové slová: kontinuálny reprezentatívny sociologický výskum – sledovanosť televíznych staníc – profil televízneho publika – politické sympatie publika
Television and its Viewers
Keywords: continual representative and sociological research – watching of TV stations — TV audiences profile – political preferences of the public
An inseparable part of the research activity of the Public Opinion Research Section of
the Media Information Centre is monitoring of the Slovak citizens’ media behavior. This
is possible due to continual surveys, which are conducted since March 1999 on regular
base. Within this period, eleven representative sociological surveys were undertaken. They
not only monitored actual situation at given time but sought to recognise changes in
communication behaviour of the public from a long-term point of view. This study
analyses relations of the TV viewers to the TV stations according to the following
indicators: a) household equipment (new communication technology), b) possibility to
receive signals of the Slovak (STV, TV Markíza, VTV) and foreign stations, c) relations
between the ratings of the two most influential stations (STV 1, TV Markíza), and d)
voting preferences of the viewers of the four selected television stations (STV 1, STV 2,
TV Markíza and TV Nova).
Statistical data allow stating that television, similar to other media, has already
passed a period of transformation and crystallisation. This is true not only for its
profile but also for its audiences. Present situation seems to be stabilised. TV
stations’ positions on the market remain unchanged. Dominant and most influential
positions retain both TV Markíza and STV 1. Daily reach as well as regular watching is
still increasing by commercial TV Markíza (67% – 82%) and rather stabile by STV
1 (37% – 58%). The impact of demographics on the inner structure of TV
audiences seems to be different. To the most differentiating factors belong age and
education, to a lesser degree residence and region. The data confirmed our suggestion
that the media contribute to the political differentiation of the society, that means that
TV viewers select TV stations in accordance with their political orientation.
pp. 173-187
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SAMUEL BREČKA
Kľúčové slová: regulácia televízneho vysielania – vytváranie jednotného televízneho trhu – smernica “Televízia bez hraníc” – práva duševného vlastníctva – harmonizácia autorského práva a príbuzných práv – ochrana mladistvých a ľudskej dôstojnosti
Media Policy of the European Union – II.
Keywords: TV broadcasting regulation – establishing of the single TV market – “Television without Frontiers” Directive – intellectual property rights – harmonization of copyright and related rights in the information society – protection of minors and human dignity
The second part of relative extensive study is devoted to three basic issues. Firstly,
we discuss the most important legal instrument in the field of television broadcasting
regulation, namely the “Television without frontiers” Directive. The new Directive was
adopted in the summer of 1997 by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers and
creates a legal framework enabling television operator to develop theirs activities
in the European Union. Approximately thirty improvements have been made to the 1989
directive and the provisions for harmonisation affect in particular advertising,
teleshopping, the protection of minors, right to reply and sponsorship, while the
principal objective remains to create the necessary legal conditions for the free
circulation of television programmes in Europe.
In the second part of the study we examine how the intellectual property rights are
harmonised in directives relating to coordination of certain regulations concerning
copyright and rights related to copyright. In this context we mention three directives and
one proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on the Harmonization of
certain aspect of copyright and related rights in the Information Society. Finally, we
speak about the protection of minors and human dignity in audiovisual and information
services. Accordingly, we refer to some documents (Green Paper, Council Conclusion, and
Council Recommendation) on these issues.
pp. 188-197
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JURAJ VOJTEK
Kľúčové slová: spravodajské a stanoviskové texty – pojem správa – hard news a soft news (resp. fíčer) – štruktúra obrátenej pyramídy – jej komponenty – neexistencia štandardizovaných podôb soft news
pp. 198-205
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SVETLANA HLAVČÁKOVÁ
pp. 206-215
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EVA BACHLETOVÁ
Kľúčové slová: kresťanstvo – cirkevný zbor – seniorát – dištrikt – Cirkev evanjelická augsburského vyznania na Slovensku – konfesia – misijný – bibličtina
The Peoples Magazines of the Evangelical Church in Slovakia 1918–1938
Keywords: Christianity – church congregation – conference – district – the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia – confession – mission
This study is based on the doctoral dissertation “The Peoples Magazines of the
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia (1918–1938)”. It summarises
the evolution of the evangelical press in Slovakia in the interwar years. In that time, 21
Slovak and 8 journals in foreign languages (Hungarian and German) were published. The most
important and most widespread titles of the Slovak peoples’ evangelical press were The
Evangelical Messenger from under the Tatras, The Watch on Zion, and The New Generation.
The study presents results of the content and formal analysis of those three popular
evangelical journals from the years 1918–1938.
The Evangelical Messenger from under the Tatras, published since 1910 by Tranoscius
Society in Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš, became in the years 1918–1938 a modern,
popular, and confessional oriented monthly with an impact on the whole society. In
propagated messages of gospel and Bible, and vindicated the interest of the Evangelical
Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia. It monitored the life of church
congregations in the all Slovak regions, and promoted publishing of religious Evangelical
literature. It fostered religious standpoints of Tomas G. Masaryk, as well as ideas of
democracy, Czechoslovak statehood, and national liberty.
The Watch on Zion, published since 1893, was the organ of the Evangelical Orphanage in
Modra. In analysed time, this journal held on its missionary orientation, promoted the
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia, observed spiritual needs of the
Slovak Lutherans in America, France and Bulgaria. It criticised expansion of bolshevism,
nationalism, Nazism, and racism.
The New Generation, first published in 1921 in Banská Bystrica, spiritually formed
secondary school and university students. Later, it addressed the working youth as well.
In 1924, The New Generation became the organ of the Union of Evangelical Youth in
Slovakia, and promoted activities of this Union. It published students’ poetry and
belles-letters. This monthly helped to recognise the necessity to work with children and
youth.
The Evangelical Messenger from under the Tatras, The Watch on Zion, and The New Generation
represented a harmonic structure of Evangelical press. They helped to bring up a worthy
partner – a reader who became a co-creator of periodicals.
pp. 216-224
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NATAŠA SLAVÍKOVÁ
pp. 225-232
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NATAŠA SLAVÍKOVÁ
pp. 233-235
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JOZEF DARMO
Kľúčové slová: dvadsiate storočie a politizácia, ideologizácia novinárskej profesie – novinár v česko-slovenskej demokracii rokov 1918–1938 – historické, geopolitické zmeny a politický, právny status novinára – rozpad ČSR a vznik Slovenskej republiky – roky 1939–1945 a novinári
pp. 236-245
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Z výskumov
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Zo zahraničia
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Heslár mediálnej komunikácie
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