Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Electronic Library of Scientific Literature
Volume 41 / No. 4/ 1998
SEMINÁR O CEZHRANIÈNEJ TELEVÍZII
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PREH¼AD O EURÓPSKOM DOHOVORE O CEZHRANIÈNEJ TELEVÍZII A JEHO NOVELIZAÈNOM PROTOKOLE
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RAKÚSKE SKÚSENOSTI SO ZAVÁDZANÍM OPATRENÍ ZREVIDOVANÉHO EURÓPSKEHO DOHOVORU O CEZHRANIÈNEJ TELEVÍZII
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SÚVISLOSTI MEDZI ROZVOJOM MÉDIÍ A REKLAMNÉHO TRHU NA SLOVENSKU – I
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Imrich Jenèa
Keywords: invasion – legal broadcasting – foreign broadcasting – collaborating stations
In August 1968, the army corps of five Warsaw Pact countries invaded Czechoslovakia in order to cut off the process of democratisation of society. A part of army forces had to interrupt the information flow of Czechoslovak media. Each editorial office was considered to be a strategic point. However, audio-visual media - radio and television - were the most important targets. Already at 21 st August, the director of telecommunications ordered to stop the broadcasting. While workers refused to follow the order, the broadcasting continued. It was stopped when occupation forces had overrun the radio buildings. Step by step, all radio buildings in district towns were occupied. Nevertheless, the radio workers continued their work in many subsidiary working-places. In Bratislava, the radio had broadcast at longest from the former college of music building. In order to misinform the enemy, three radio stations were announced from one place. At that time, radio was the most important medium for the public. All dailies used the radio as a source of information. At the end of 1968, the first indications of ongoing normalisation appeared. The censorship, abolished at the beginning of democratisation, was established again. The first radio managers were replaced. Later, the communist party organs were not satisfied by the replacement of the managers. Till 1970, some tens of radio employees in Slovakia had to give up their jobs. Another tens were punished by publication ban and/or party sentences. Many of them were shifted to the second-class work. At Czechoslovak Radio, this situation lasted till the end of 1989.
pp. 283-289
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Ján Lofaj
Keywords: making public – authorization – editing – selection of photographs – photograph’s design – slot – text to the photography – professionalism – copyright – picture editor
In the first, already published part of the study, the author discussed the ethics of shooting, selection of shooting material and behavior of the photojournalist in the field. Now, the author deals with making the photographs public. He states that rather text and/or managing editors than photojournalists abuse the ethics of photography. They do so while selecting the photographs, making their final design and writing the text to be added to them. Doing so without sufficient competency, they frequently infringe on photographers’ copyright and destroy the working relations. An ethical use of photography is based on qualified work of all participants that comply with principles of editing and respect their own terms of reference. That means, first of all, a qualified and competent work of picture editor.
pp. 291-298
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Luboš Šefèák
Keywords: boulevard press, freedom of the press – population literacy – industrial revolution – penny press – advertising – local news – up-to-date information – sensation – necessity of the mass market
The label „boulevard press“ still have a pejorative meaning in our country. Actually, two categories of the „boulevard press“ exist. To the first one belongs the really poor quality press. In the second category we can find the cultivated type of the „boulevard press“, the popular papers which have an irreplaceable position in the press systems around the world. Historically, in the 30s, a new kind of the press was born in the United States. This press was devoted to the ordinary people that were ready to read it, receive information and extend their knowledge but also to enjoy it as a source of entertainment. This non-political and popular press broke the cultural monopoly of the upper and middle classes in reading the press and spread itself all around the world. As a positive example, the Grelee’s New York Tribune can be mentioned. The Day’s New York Sun or the Bennet’s New York Herald are the opposite. In the second half of the 19th century, the „boulevard press“ have been establishing also in England, France and another European countries. The „penny press“ was at the beginning of the press for mass audiences due to the circulation of millions copies which occurred at the end of the 19th century.
pp. 299-306
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REGULÁCIA A PODPORA REGIONÁLNYCH A LOKÁLNYCH MÉDIÍ VO VYBRANÝCH EURÓPSKYCH ŠTÁTOCH
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Andrej Tušer
Keywords: analysis - regional daily - heading newspaper - thematic sections - regional challenge
The article presents basic findings of the case study organized by the National Center for Media Communication as a part of broadly composed research project “Changed Media Infrastructure on the Regional and Local Level in Conditions of a New Administrative Division of Slovakia”. It follows the study on the regional and local press in the central Slovakia. The author deals with a new phenomenon in the contemporary Slovak regional press: so called heading newspaper. Just a year ago, the old daily Hlas ludu (Peoples’ Voice) was transformed to a heading daily with four mutations for the newly established counties of Bratislava, Trnava, Nitra and Trenèín. The text presents rather quantitative than qualitative analysis. Nevertheless, it comprises value judgements as well. The article deals with the content structure of dailies according to genres, subjects and geography of content items. The analysis revealed that more than 70% of published items belonged to the journalistic genres. That could mean the dailies fulfil their journalistic mission. However, only 33% of analysed items were regional. That is why we cannot consider their content as fully regional. In different daily’s mutations, the regional news items were represented disproporcionally. There were 60% of regional news items in the Voice of Bratislava County, 51,3% in the Voice of Nitra County, 42,8% in the Voice of Trenèín County and 42,1% in the Voice of Trnava County. The author praises an existence of such type of newspapers. Nevertheless he stresses that their regional orientation should be extended.
pp. 313-319
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OKRESNÉ NOVINY – VEC POTREBNÁ ALEBO ZBYTOÈNÁ?
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ÈO ROZUMIEME POD MASMEDIÁLNOU KULTÚROU?
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Z VÝSKUMOV
ŠIROKÁ PONUKA – SKUTOÈNÁ ALTERNATÍVA VÝBERU?
VÝVOJ DISTRIBÚCIE FILMOV NA SLOVENSKU PO ROKU
1990
pp. 327-336
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RECENZIE
pp. 337-339
KRONIKA
pp. 340-351
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